UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FAKULTETA ZA GRADBENIŠTVO Miha Volk PREGLED IN PRIMERJAVA INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV ZA JAVNI POTNIŠKI PROMET Diplomsko delo Maribor, november 2011 I Diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa PREGLED IN PRIMERJAVA INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV ZA JAVNI POTNIŠKI PROMET Študent: Miha Volk Študijski program: univerzitetni, Promet Smer: Cestni promet Mentor: doc. dr. Tibaut Andrej, univ. dipl. inţ. rač. in inf. Lektor(ica): Špela Baloh Maribor, november 2011 II III ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se mentorju doc. dr. Andreju Tibautu za vodenje in pomoč pri izdelavi diplomske naloge. Posebna zahvala velja staršem in sestri za spodbujanje in oporo. Predvsem pa hvala vsem, ki ste verjeli in kakorkoli pripomogli, da se obrne nov list v mojem ţivljenju. IV PREGLED IN PRIMERJAVA INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV ZA JAVNI POTNIŠKI PROMET Ključne besede: cestni promet, informacijske tehnologije, informacijski standardi, javni potniški promet, shema XML UDK: 007:656.1(043.2) Povzetek V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni glavni informacijski standardi s področja javnega potniškega prometa. Opisane so njihove glavne značilnosti, področja, ki jih pokrivajo, in njihov namen. Sam opis je nadgrajen s podrobnejšo primerjavo med predstavljenimi standardi in njihovimi značilnostmi. V drugi polovici diplomskega dela smo vnesli podatke o avtobusni liniji Petrina–Kočevje, ki je bila obdelana v slovenskem projektu SIJPRO, v standard NeTEx. Ob obdelavi realnih podatkov smo dobili informacije, kaj je bilo na območju Slovenije že storjeno v smeri izmenjave podatkov v javnem potniškem prometu in kaj je še potrebno storiti, če želimo v naš prostor vpeljati katerega od evropskih standardov. Ugotovitve naloge lahko v prihodnosti predstavljajo dober temelj oziroma pomoč pri vzpostavitvi nacionalnih sistemov za izmenjavo podatkov v javnem potniškem prometu. V OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON OF INFORMATION STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT Key words: road traffic,information technologies, information standards, public transport, XML schema UDK: 007:656.1(043.2) Abstract This thesis presents the main information standards in the public transport. The main features of information standards, the areas they cover and their purpose are presented. Description itself has been upgraded with a more detailed comparison between the presented standards and their characteristics. In the second part of the thesis, we entered the bus line Petrina – Kočevje data, which has been treated in the Slovenian project SIJPRIS in NeTEx standard. When processing real data, we obtained information on what has already been done in Slovenia in the area of public transport data exchange, and what still needs to be done if we want to adopt one of the European standards. Our findings can present the base and useful help for creating a national system of data exchange in public transport in the future. VI VSEBINA 1 UVOD ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 PREGLED INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV S PODROČJA JPP .......................................... 1 2.1 RAZLAGA POJMOV........................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Kaj je standard? ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.2 Shema XML in dokument XML .................................................................................................. 2 2.2 RAZVOJ STANDARDOV ............................................................................................................ 6 2.3 TRANSMODEL (CEN TC278 EN12896) .......................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ........................................................................................................ 7 2.3.2 Izvor standarda .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Uporaba v praksi ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 IFOPT - IDENTIFICATION OF FIXED OBJECTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT (CEN/TS 28701) .................. 9 2.4.1 Povzetek standarda .................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.4.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.4.4 Primer - prikaz konkretnega XMLa oz. zapisa ........................................................................ 15 2.5 SIRI - SERVICE INTERFACE FOR REAL TIME INFORMATION (CEN/TS 15531-1/5) ........................ 16 2.5.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ...................................................................................................... 16 2.5.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.5.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.5.4 Primer - prikaz konkretnega XMLa oz. zapisa ........................................................................ 19 2.6 NETEX – NETWORK EXCHANGE (CEN TC 278 WG9) .................................................................. 21 2.6.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ...................................................................................................... 21 2.6.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.6.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.6.4 Primer NeTEx .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.7 NAPTAN – NATIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESS NODE .......................................................... 24 2.7.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ...................................................................................................... 24 2.7.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 24 2.7.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.7.4 Primer - prikaz konkretnega XMLa oz. zapisa ........................................................................ 25 2.8 NPTG - NATIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT GAZETTEER ................................................................... 26 2.8.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ...................................................................................................... 26 2.8.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.8.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 27 2.8.4 Primer - prikaz konkretnega XMLa oz. zapisa ........................................................................ 27 2.9 TRANSXCHANGE .......................................................................................................................... 28 2.9.1 Kratek povzetek standarda ...................................................................................................... 28 2.9.2 Izvor standarda ........................................................................................................................ 28 2.9.3 Uporaba v praksi ..................................................................................................................... 28 2.9.4 Primer - prikaz konkretnega XMLa oz. zapisa ........................................................................ 29 2.10 GOOGLE TRANSIT ......................................................................................................................... 30 2.10.1 Kratek povzetek standarda .................................................................................................. 30 2.10.2 Izvor standarda ................................................................................................................... 30 2.10.3 Uporaba v praksi ................................................................................................................ 31 3 PRIMERJAVA INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV ................................................................... 32 3.1 DEFINICIJA KRITERIJEV ZA PRIMERJAVO INFORMACIJSKIH STANDARDOV...................................... 33 3.1.1 Podatki o postajališčih ............................................................................................................ 34 3.1.2 Standard vsebuje opise, imena, lokacije linij (avtobusnih, železniških, trajektnih, letalskih, cest...) 36 3.1.3 Standard vsebuje opise, imena, lokacije ostalih točk (signalizacija, zanimivosti, križišča, stičišča z ostalimi vrstami JPP) ............................................................................................................. 37 3.1.4 Standard vsebuje