Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 11-4-2019 The Impact of Anthropogenic Noise on Fish Behavior, Communication, and Development Julie Butler Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Integrative Biology Commons Recommended Citation Butler, Julie, "The Impact of Anthropogenic Noise on Fish Behavior, Communication, and Development" (2019). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 5086. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/5086 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE ON FISH BEHAVIOR, COMMUNICATION, AND DEVELOPMENT A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Julie Butler B.S. Biology, Texas A&M University, 2013 B.S. Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2013 December 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my research advisor, Dr. Karen Maruska. You have made me a better scientist, student, writer, and most importantly, a better person. Thank you for your endless support and encouragement, for passing on your wealth of knowledge and skills, for creating a stimulating and fun environment, and for always fighting for us. From conversations about science, life in academia, cats, football (go Cowboys!), and more, I have enjoyed every minute of working with you. You are truly the best graduate advisor I could have ever hoped for. I would also like to thank my committee members and other neurobiology faculty in the department. Dr. Fernando Galvez and Dr. George Strain; thank you for serving on my committee and passing on all of your knowledge about fish physiology and neuroscience. Thank you to Dr. Evanna Gleason for always being supportive, understanding, and encouraging, and for creating a journal club environment that helped foster my development as a neurobiologist. To the current and past members of the Maruska Lab, especially Karen Field, Teisha King, and Rose Wayne, thank you for making lab something I always looked forward to. I am grateful for our numerous talks about science, life, pets, art, and more. I couldn’t have done this without you. Thank you also to the undergraduate army that helped with my research over the years, especially Polly Gwan, Sarah Whitlow, and Chase Anselmo. You not only made this research possible, you made it more fun. I would also like to thank Chelsea Hess and Alicia Restivo. Chelsea, you are one of the best human beings and scientists I have ever meet. From gymnastics meets, to hours-long conversations, to making beeswax wraps, and cuddling cats, you have been ii my sounding board, my cheerleader, and my confidant. Alicia Restivo and family, thank you for teaching me all about soccer, for allowing me to crash your family holidays and vacations, and for making me feel like a part of your family. You kept me excited about my research and reminded me to keep going when I wanted to give up. Without friends and family like you, I wouldn’t have made it through this. Thank you to Melissa Hall and Veritas. You have impacted my life in so many ways, and I am forever grateful for everything I’ve learned from you. Thank you for teaching me how to tame my curls in south Louisiana humidity, for being my voice of reason, for teaching me how to care for myself, and for keeping me a (mostly) functional human being. Thank you to my Living Hope Fellowship family. Ashley, DeSha, Bri, Melissa, Erin, Jon, Meg, Gracie, Sophie, Kris, Haley, all my KCG kiddos, and so many more, thank you for constantly reminding me what is truly important in life. Thank you for allowing me to be a part of your life and for carrying me when I was often time too tired or weary to carry myself. This work would not have been possible without financial support. Thank you to LSU Board of Regents for a Graduate Fellowship and NSF for a Graduate Research Fellowship (GRFP # 1247192) that allowed me to devote all my time to research. Thank you also to National Science Foundation (IOS-1456004, IOS-1456558), Sigma Xi, Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology, Animal Behavior Society, American Society for Ichthyology and Herpetology for research grants. Finally, thank you to Burt, Toni, Tyrone, Gilgamesh, and all the other fish whose lives made my research possible. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLDEGEMENTS ................................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Fish auditory system ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Mechanosensory lateral line system ............................................................... 4 1.3 Mechanosensory versus auditory communication .......................................... 6 1.4 Production of auditory and hydrodynamic signals ........................................... 6 1.5 Role of acoustic and hydrodynamic information in fish social interactions ...... 9 1.6 Central processing of auditory and mechanosensory stimuli ........................ 11 1.7 Hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI; stress) axis of fishes ........................ 12 1.8 Underwater anthropogenic noise .................................................................. 13 1.9 Model system: Astatotilapia burtoni ............................................................... 16 1.10 Specific Aims ............................................................................................... 19 1.11 References .................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 2. ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE IMPAIRS SOCIAL COMMUNICATION DURING AGGRESSIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE ENCOUNTERS ................................ 31 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................. 36 2.3 Results .......................................................................................................... 47 2.4 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 55 2.5 Summary ....................................................................................................... 62 2.6 References .................................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 3. NOISE DURING MOUTHBROODING IMPAIRS MATERNAL CARE BEHAVIORS AND JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AFRICAN CICHLID FISH ASTATOTILAPIA BURTONI .......................................................................................... 68 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 68 3.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................. 72 3.3 Results .......................................................................................................... 79 3.4 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 84 3.5 Summary ....................................................................................................... 93 3.6 References .................................................................................................... 94 CHAPTER 4. SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE STATE DEPENDENT IMPACTS OF NOISE ON CRF-SIGNALING SYSTEM EXPRESSION IN THE SACCULE ............... 100 iv 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 100 4.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................ 103 4.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 113 4.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 125 4.5 Summary ..................................................................................................... 132 4.6 References .................................................................................................. 133 . CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 137 5.1 Remaining questions and future directions ................................................