doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2017.20 http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2015.27 OpenOpen Access Original Review Article InternationalInternational Journal Journal of Women’s of Women’s Health Health and Reproduction and Reproduction Sciences Sciences Vol.Vol. 3, No.5, No. 3, July 2, April 2015, 2017, 126–131 107–111 ISSNISSN 2330- 4456 2330- 4456 InvestigatingWomen on the theOther Success Side of Rate War of and Sex Poverty: Selection Its Effectin Cycles ofon Intrauterine the Health of InseminationReproduction of Sperm Using an Albumin GradientAyse Cevirme1, Yasemin Method Hamlaci2* , inKevser Infertile Ozdemir2 Couples Referring to the OmidAbstract Persian Gulf Infertility Center of Bushehr, Iran War and poverty are ‘extraordinary conditions created by human intervention’ and ‘preventable public health problems.’ War and Shahnazpoverty have Ahmadi many negative1, Elham effects Rahmani on human2*, Niloofarhealth, especially Motamed women’s3,4, health.Fatemeh Health Sadeghi problems5 arising due to war and poverty are being observed as sexual abuse and rape, all kinds of violence and subsequent gynecologic and obstetrics problems with physiological and psychological courses, and pregnancies as the result of undesired but forced or obliged marriages and even rapes. Certainly, Abstractunjust treatment such as being unable to gain footing on the land it is lived (asylum seeker, refugee, etc.) and being deprived of Objectives:social security, Sex citizenship selection rightsis an importantand human concernrights brings for someabout couples.the deprivation One of of the access relatively to health more services simple and and of inexpensiveprovision of methods, whichservice does intended not needfor gynecology to use toxic and chemicals obstetrics. to The separate purpose the of Y this and article X sperms, is to address is the effectsEricsson of warmethod. and poverty Therefore, on the the health aim of this study isreproduction to evaluate ofthe women results and of sexto offer selection scientific in infertilecontribution couples and bysolutions. using the albumin gradient method. MaterialsKeywords: and Poverty, Methods: Reproductive The present health, study War is a quasi-experimental clinical trial study, conducted on 80 infertile couples. After the induction of ovulation and a vaginal sonography, sperm samples were prepared using the albumin gradient method, after which intrauterine insemination (IUI) was conducted. The rate of successful sex selection was then calculated. IntroductionResults: Among 80 cases of performed IUI, 22 cases (27.5%) werethought successful, that amongsevere whichmilitary 3 cases conflicts (8.3%) in suffered Africa miscarriagesshorten and Throughout19 cases (23.7%) the historywere associated of the world, with athe successful ones who pregnancy. had Thethe success expected rate lifetime of sex selection for more was than 59.1% 2 years. in successful In general, pregnancies. confrontedIn general, the sexbitterest selection face success of poverty rate wasand higher war had for althe- maleWHO gender; had as acalculated result, the that success 269 ratesthousand in 68 peoplerequests had for diedmale sex and ways12 requests been the for women. female sexAs totaledknown 12poverty cases (17.6and war %) andaffects 1 case (3.8%),in 1999 respectively. due to the effect of wars and that loss of 8.44 mil- humanConclusion: health Albumin either directly gradient or isindirectly, an appropriate the effects sex determination of lion healthy method years in IUI of lifecycles had due occurred to a 23.7% (2,3). chance of pregnancy in thisinfertile condition women, on whilehealth the and success status rate of women is 59.1% in in the sex so determination.- Wars negatively affect the provision of health services. cietyKeywords: should Infertility, not be ignored. Insemination, This study Sex preselection, intends to Spermatozoacast Health institutions such as hospitals, laboratories and light on the effects of war and poverty on the reproductive health centers are direct targets of war. Moreover, the wars health of women. For this purpose, the face of war affect- cause the migration of qualified health employees, and ing the women, the problem of immigration, inequalities thus the health services hitches. Assessments made indi- Introductionin distribution of income based on gender and the effects cate thatdefects the areeffect present of destruction in one gender in the infrastructureof their children, of so they Failureof all these of a on woman the reproductive to become health pregnant of women during will one be year healthhave continues no option for 5-10 but toyears seek even gender after determination the finalization methods. ofaddressed. intercourse without the use of contraceptive methods of conflictsMoreover, (3). Duesometimes to resource the interestrequirements of some in the fertile re- couples is called infertility (1). Researchers believe that infertility structuringin a specific investments gender after has war,led them the share to determine allocated theirto child’s hasWar become and Women’s one Healthof the major social problems in the healthgender. has decreased In the (1).older days, when a male workforce was society,Famine, today. synonymous However, with infertility war and poverty,is one of is the clearer areas for in the more important than the female workforce, if a family medicalwomen; fieldwar means that can deep help disadvantages cure this problem such as fullusing de -data Mortalitieshad no and son, Morbidities the number of the family members could be fromstruction, relevant loss ofresearches future and (2,3). uncertainty for women. Wars The onesincreased who are beyond most affected eight fromin order wars toare achieve women andthe blessing areInfertility conflicts is that considered destroy families, as one societiesof the mostand cultures bitter and children.of a Whileson. That deaths is whydepending the statistics on direct of violencechildren af of- a family stressfulthat negatively life experiences affect the health for ofyoung community couples and because cause of fect thewere male high. population, Also, many the indirect families deaths suffered kill children, severely because theviolation many of psychiatric human rights. symptoms According that to the occur data of during World the womenof andthis eldersissue. more.There In is Iraq also between often 1990-1994,disagreement in- between Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank, in 2002 fant deaths had shown this reality in its more bare form diagnosis and treatment process. These are in addition spouses in newly established families over a child’s gender; wars had been among the first ten reasons which killed with an increase of 600% (4). The war taking five years tothe the most physical and caused problems, disabilities. which Civil disrupt losses aretheir at theway rate of life increasessome the prefer child sonsdeaths and under some age prefer of 5 by daughters. 13%. Also 47% The proven/ andof 90% the within consequent all losses problems (1). they experience in their of all establishedthe refugees methodsin the world of anddetermining 50% of asylum a child’s seekers gender is a relationshipsWar has many with negative their effects spouses, on humanfamily members,health. One friends of and displacedvery complicated people are phenomenon women and girlsbeyond and our44% imaginations. ref- andthese colleagues is its effect (4-12). of shortening Sometimes, the averagepsychological human impactslife. ugees andToday, asylum by using seekers medical, are children biology under and nutritional the age of sciences, ofAccording infertility to themay data also of WHO,affect thethe average cooperation human lifebetween is 18 (5).it has been has shown that parents can select their child’s patients,68.1 years the for medical males and team 72.7 and years medical for females. staff. It is being As thegender. result Itof should wars and be armednoted thatconflicts, all of women these methodsare are On the other hand, an increased infertility rate relative and that only a laboratory method is definite (14- sometimesReceived 12 December leads 2014,couples Accepted to 25select April 2015, a specific Available genderonline 1 July (13) 2015. 16). Of course, this method is used more in couples with Sometimes, couples are not always infertile, but certain disabilities in one type of gender of children. 1Department of Nursing, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. 2Department of Midwifery, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. *Corresponding author: Yasemin Hamlaci, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. Tel: +905556080628, Email: [email protected] Received 14 July 2016, Accepted 5 November 2016, Available online 16 December 2016 1Associate Professor, Department of Gynecologic Obstetric. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran. 2Associate Professor, Department of Gynecologic Obstetric, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 3Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 4The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 5Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. *Corresponding Author: Elham Rahmani, Tel: 07733455409, Email:[email protected] Ahmadi et al Materials and Methods 2. 0.5 ml of sediment was gently removed from each This study was a semi-experimental clinical trial, which