Observatory Builder George Ellery Hale was born in Chicago in 1868. He was the only child of wealthy parents. Hale made many Miss contributions to astronomy. He even built an invention to Mitchell’s study the surface of the sun. He did that while he was still Comet in college! (1818–1889) Amazingly, Hale became one of Maria the most important astronomers of Mitchell was the 20th century with only a basic born in 1818. college degree. Most top scientists She began of the 20th century and beyond have watching stars higher degrees. They go to school at a young for a very long time. Not Hale. age. Her father had an observatory. Much of what he learned, he figured Mitchell helped him with his work. In out on his own. 1847, Mitchell discovered a new comet. Hale loved astronomy. He The comet became known as Miss spent most of his time thinking and Mitchell’s Comet. The discovery made studying and watching objects in her famous. In fact, Mitchell recorded space. He founded a new journal many “firsts.” She was the first person about astronomy. He even invented in America to sight a comet. She a new word in astronomy. It is was the first woman to be named to astrophysics. That is the study of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in the physics and chemical makeup 1848. She was also the first woman of bodies in space. He called his astronomy professor. journal the Astrophysical Journal. Hale’s greatest achievement is not so much what he knew. It’s what he did. Through hard work, persistence, and commitment, he made a big difference in astronomy. He was the founder of three great observatories. 16 17 In 1895, Hale helped design the Yerkes Observatory in (1934–1996) Wisconsin. In 1904, he founded the Mount Wilson Observatory Carl Sagan near Los Angeles. He then helped build the first giant reflecting Few people have made as telescope. That is a telescope that uses mirrors. It measured big an impact on astronomy as 200 inches. It was installed at the Mount Palomar Observatory Carl Sagan. He made astronomy in California. It was the biggest telescope in the world for 30 popular with the general public. years. It was named the Hale Telescope in his honor. He wrote books about space and produced television shows about Hale’s observatories led the field of astronomy for many it. He worked on most of NASA’s years. Scientists used them to learn about galaxies and unmanned space missions. When what they are made of. They used them to learn new things he died, the landing site of the about the sun. Discovery after discovery was made in Hale’s Mars Pathfinder spacecraft was observatories. renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station in his honor. Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin was Mount Palomar Observatory designed in part by Hale. in California 18 19.