Living with wildlife ‒ the story of Nyae Nyae Conservancy Nyae Nyae – Ju/’hoansi for ‘the place without mountains, but rocky’ Living with wildlife ‒ the story of NYAE NYAE CONSERVANCY NYAE NYAE offers an enchanting mix of Conservancies enable development and conservation over large areas... MILESTONES AND SUCCESSES 1981 – an NGO that over time evolves into the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation of Namibia is formed to support the community 1994 – the Nyae Nyae community begins the process to register as a conservancy 1996 – policy changes allow communal area residents to benefit from wildlife and tourism by forming conservancies 1998 – Nyae Nyae Conservancy is registered in February, becoming the first communal conservancy in Namibia 1998 – the Nyae Nyae Conservancy office is established at Barakka interesting cultures and dynamic communities vast, diverse and spectacular landscapes – charismatic, free-roaming wildlife – 99-05 – each year, wildlife is re-introduced into the conservancy, including committed to sustainability ¯ people living in Nyae Nyae Pans, bushland, magical baobabs... elephant, lion, leopard, wild dog, diverse plains springbok, red hartebeest, gemsbok, eland, kudu and blue Nyae Nyae share a common vision for a healthy environment diversifies economic game, abundant birdlife... wildlife generates a wildebeest, with a total of 2,200 animals being introduced managing their area and its resources opportunities and drives economic growth variety of benefits for local people 2001 – an annual game count is started in Nyae Nyae 2002 – the Event Book monitoring system is implemented in Nyae Nyae people are living with wildlife, are managing natural resources wisely and are reaping the benefits... 2003 – the conservancy office is moved to Tsumkwe A LITTLE HISTORY A CONSERVANCY IS... 04/05 – a large game-proof camp is erected to manage the remaining Prior to Namibia’s independence in 1990, communal area residents residents are from the Ju/’hoansi ethnic group, a sub-group of the San. • a legally registered area with clearly defined borders and a constituted Nyae Nyae buffalo population and avoid contact with livestock had few rights to use wildlife. Wild animals were often seen as little more Historically, the Nyae Nyae area occupied by the Ju/’hoansi stretched into management body run by the community for the development of 2005 – the Nyae Nyae Trust is formed than a threat to crops, livestock and infrastructure, as well as community Botswana in the east, north beyond what is today Khaudum National Park, residents and the sustainable use of wildlife and tourism 2008 – black rhino are re-introduced into the conservancy safety. Ground-breaking legislation passed in the mid-nineties laid the south to the settlements of Eiseb and Gam and west beyond the settlement of • managed by a group elected to serve the interests of all its members 2008 – an application is lodged with the Ministry of Environment & foundation for a new approach to the sustainable use of natural resources. Aasvoëlnes. Today, Botswana creates the eastern border of the conservancy, • a place where residents can add income from wildlife and tourism to Tourism to extend the borders of the conservancy to include the By forming a conservancy, people in communal areas can now actively while to the south, west and north, Ondjou and N≠a-Jaqna Conservancies traditional farming activities village of N’homa manage – and generate benefits from – wildlife and other resources in their and Khaudum National Park adjoin Nyae Nyae, and in turn border onto other • a place where wildlife populations increase as they are managed for 2011 – an application is lodged with the Ministry of Agriculture to register area, encouraging wildlife recoveries and environmental restoration. While conservancies to form a huge contiguous conservation landscape. productive gain Nyae Nyae Community Forest, having the same borders and a conservancy is a natural resource management structure, it is defined by The long process to mobilise, unite and support the Nyae Nyae • a place where the value of the natural resources increases, management structures as the conservancy social ties. Conservancies unite groups of people with the common goal community in forming a conservancy in a sense already began prior enhancing the value of the land of managing their resources. Today, over 60 communal conservancies to Namibia’s independence. In 1981, what is today the Nyae Nyae • a forum through which services and developments can be channelled QUICK FACTS embrace one in four rural Namibians, underlining a national commitment to Development Foundation was formed to support the community in and integrated Region: Otjozondjupa Size: 8,992 square kilometres both rural development and conservation. development and resource management. By the time the conservancy • zoned for multiple uses to minimise conflict and maximise the Approximate population: 2,300 Main language: Ju/’hoansi Nyae Nyae is the oldest, as well as the second largest conservancy legislation was passed in 1996, the Nyae Nyae community was well placed interests of all stakeholders Date of registration: February 1998 in the country, covering close to 9,000 square kilometres. Most of the 2,300 to register the conservancy, which was gazetted in early 1998. San or Bushman? Both terms have a slightly derogatory origin. Bushman originates from the Dutch word bosjeman - an outcast who lives in the bush. San comes from the Nama ‘saa’, referring to poor people without cattle. While the Regional San Conference of 1993 adopted San as the official term, Bushman has also lost much of its negative connotation and today is taken to refer more to the great environmental knowledge and bush skills of the San. 2 RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS Conservancies hartebeest, springbok, duiker, steenbok, warthog, spotted and brown are living landscapes... hyaena, cheetah and jackal. More than 200 bird species have been recorded in the conservancy. Birding around the seasonal Nyae The culture of the San is legendary, an often idealised icon Nyae Pans is spectacular after good rains, when more than 10,000 of a balanced existence within the natural environment. The San waterbirds of over 80 species gather here, including great painted have superb hunting skills and ‘bush knowledge’. Their keen snipes, flamingos, wattled cranes and breeding slaty egrets. The area perception and understanding of the environment has allowed them has been designated an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International to live in inhospitable ecosystems such as the Kalahari for countless and is eligible for Ramsar Site status. generations. Nyae Nyae is rich in archeological artefacts and recent Nyae Nyae is also rich in flora, and over 100 species of edible finds indicate a presence of people from the Middle Stone Age. It plants are utilized by the San. Huge baobabs are the most distinctive seems likely that the ancestors of the Ju/’hoansi have roamed across feature of many landscapes, but many other plants are of interest and the area for thousands of years and their traditional knowledge and importance, including manketti, leadwood, terminalia, false mopane skills have great value. and a variety of acacia trees, as well as devil’s claw and Kalahari melon. stalking through African wilderness with a band of hunters, meandering through the veld gathering food, a seemingly endless world of bushland and pannetjiesveld, dotted here and there with the magical shapes of baobabs huddled around the evening fire watching traditional dances… the San culture has the power to inspire in us and brought to life by the mere expectation of seeing game, by the calls of lion and hyaena at night ― a search for a more harmonised existence and by the light tread of the first people Today, most people in Nyae Nyae no longer live an active hunter- Huge baobabs punctuate the savanna woodland and create a Since the establishment of conservancies, wildlife numbers Around Nyae Nyae... The nearby Khaudum National Park is gatherer lifestyle and find themselves very much in a state of cultural sense of ancient Africa. Rainfall in Nyae Nyae is low and unpredictable, in communal areas have rebounded from historic lows prior to known especially for its numbers of elephant and roan, as well as for its transition and social change. Yet wonderful living museums make the with an annual average of around 450 millimetres. The harshness of independence. Nyae Nyae is one of the last refuges of the African wild wilderness flair. Both Nyae Nyae and Khaudum form part of the Kavango past accessible again ‒ for both visitors and a new generation of San the environment is increased by high temperatures and extremely high dog in Namibia and the only place in the country where all of the Big Zambezi Transfrontier no longer in touch with their heritage. ‘Keeping our culture alive for our evaporation. However, the water table is close to the surface, generally Five occur ‒ elephant, black rhino, lion, buffalo and leopard. Other Conservation children is one of the most important aspects of the living museum’ lying between two and 25 metres. All these environmental factors mammals include giraffe, eland, kudu, blue wildebeest, roan, gemsbok, Area (KAZA). says Komtsa Daqm, a museum guide. contribute to The initiative The vast, mostly unfenced Nyae Nyae environment retains a interesting links five strong wilderness atmosphere, which is enhanced by the fascination habitat countries and of the San culture. Located on the western rim of the Kalahari Basin ‒ variations is one of the Overall Diversity the largest accumulation of sand in the world ‒ much of Nyae Nyae is and the highest largest contiguous of Indigenous covered by wind blown sands. Areas of rocky ground retain seasonal biodiversity found conservation areas Terrestrial surface water in the so called ‘pannetjiesveld’ (area of many pans). in the communal in the world, with the Fauna & Flora Here the Nyae Nyae Pans become a very important wetland after areas of the aim of facilitating good rains.