PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STYLISTIC STUDY OF THE INTERIOR MONOLOGUES IN WILLIAM FAULKNER’S THE SOUND AND THE FURY A THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora (M.Hum) at English Language Studies by Rr Rieta Anggraheni 136332053 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A tale told by an idiot. - Macbeth - Dedicated to those who never stop believing vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was accomplished with supports and assistance from many people. First and foremost, I would like to convey my greatest gratitude to Jesus Christ for allowing me to receive this wonderful blessing and for becoming my strength. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A. for his guidance and advices in directing this thesis and his patience in correcting throughout. My gratitude also goes to my thesis reviewers, Dr. B. B. Dwijatmoko, M. A. who has made me realized the important of being critical, and Dr. E. Sunarto, M. Hum. for the helpful feedback. I should also thank Dr. J. Bismoko as one of the examiners for the precious suggestions. My special thanks also go to Diksita Galuh Nirwinastu, Simon Arsa Manggala, Fransisca Novitasari, Agnes Siwi Purwaning Tyas, and Sekartiyasa Kusumastuti who were willing to listen to my problems regarding my thesis and gave me useful insights and valuable advices. I also thank my classmates Tia, Joan, Mba Adria, Putri, Mas Ryan, Nita, Mba Mimi, Pak Tangguh, and Inta for the laughter we had during our study. I really appreciate the time when we could support and help each other. I really thank my beautiful mother for being the most patient and strongest mother in the world, and also my two wonderful sisters for giving me incessant supports and always reminding me to finish this thesis. I also thank my father for the support and care. Last but not least, I thank Alphon for always being there and encouraging me. Rieta Anggraheni vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i ADVISOR APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................. ii APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................... iii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...................................................... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ................................................................................. v DEDICATION PAGE. ........................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ xii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. xv 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Question ......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 5 1.4 Benefits of the Study ..................................................................................... 6 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .......................................................... 7 2.1 Theoretical Review ........................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Faulkner and Faulkner’s Style ................................................................ 7 2.1.2 The Sound and The Fury ......................................................................... 9 2.1.2.1 The Synopsis ................................................................................... 9 2.1.2.2 The Personae of the Characters ..................................................... 12 2.1.3 Style and Stylistics ................................................................................ 13 2.1.4 Stylistics of Literary Discourse............................................................. 16 2.1.4.1 Context of Literary Discourse ....................................................... 16 2.1.4.2 Perspective in Narrative Fiction .................................................... 18 2.1.4.3 Speech and Thought Representation ............................................. 19 2.1.4.4 Interior Monologue Style .............................................................. 21 2.1.4.5 Mind Style ..................................................................................... 23 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2.1.5 Analysis Method in Stylistics ............................................................... 24 2.1.5.1 Four Levels of Stylistic Analysis .................................................. 25 2.1.5.2 Lexical Categories ......................................................................... 27 2.1.5.3 Grammatical Categories ................................................................ 28 2.1.5.4 Figures of Speech .......................................................................... 29 2.1.5.5 Context and Cohesion ................................................................... 29 2.1.5.6 Underlexicalization ....................................................................... 30 2.1.5.7 Halliday’s Metafunctions .............................................................. 31 2.2 Related Studies ............................................................................................ 34 2.3 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 37 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................... 39 3.1 Type of Study .............................................................................................. 39 3.2 Research Data and Data Source .................................................................. 40 3.3 Data Collection ............................................................................................ 41 3.3.1 Identifying Interior Monologues in The Sound and The Fury .............. 41 3.3.2 Collecting the Data ............................................................................... 42 3.4 Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 43 3.4.1 Data Analysis Based on Checklist of Features ..................................... 43 3.4.2 Transitivity Analysis ............................................................................. 44 3.4.3 Interpretation ......................................................................................... 45 4. ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................. 47 4.1 Interior Monologue Style in The Sound and The Fury ............................... 47 4.2 The Linguistic Features in Benjamin’s Interior Monologue ....................... 53 4.2.1 Grammatical Features and Their Effects .............................................. 53 4.2.1.1 Sentence Types .............................................................................. 53 4.2.1.2 Clause Processes ........................................................................... 56 4.2.1.3 Modality ........................................................................................ 58 4.2.2 Lexical Features and Their Effects ....................................................... 59 4.2.2.1 Nouns ............................................................................................ 59 4.2.2.2 Adjectives ...................................................................................... 61 4.2.2.3 Verbs ............................................................................................. 62 4.2.2.4 Cohesive Devices .......................................................................... 64 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 4.2.3 Underlexicalization and Its Effects ....................................................... 66 4.2.4 Figures of Speech and Their Effects ..................................................... 68 4.3 The Linguistic Features in Quentin’s Interior Monologue .......................... 70 4.3.1 Grammatical Features and Their Effects .............................................. 70 4.3.1.1 Sentence Types .............................................................................. 70 4.3.1.2 Run-on Sentences .......................................................................... 71 4.3.1.3 Fragmented Syntax ........................................................................ 73