Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Strategy Resources Partnership China CountryWater WATER PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM PARTNERSHIP WATER THE WORLDBANK (2013-2020) China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy © 2013 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................VII ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................XI Chapter I – Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Existing Strategies and Principles ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 Focus Areas of a New Partnership Strategy ............................................................................ 4 1.4 Road Map for Achieving Strategic Goals ............................................................................... 6 Chapter II - China’s Water Resources and Strategic Issues ............................................................ 7 2.1 Water Resources Overview........................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Trends and the Impact of Climate Change .............................................................................. 9 2.3 Strategic Issues for China’s Water Resources ......................................................................... 9 2.4 Main Issues in China’s Major River Basins ........................................................................... 16 Chapter III - Country Context of Water Sector Development ...................................................... 19 3.1 Development Progress in China’s Water Sector ................................................................... 19 3.2 China’s Strategic Goals and Targets for 2020 ........................................................................ 27 Chapter IV - Cooperation between China and World Bank ......................................................... 33 4.1 Review of Past Cooperation .................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Flood Protection and Drought Mitigation ............................................................................. 36 4.3 Irrigated Agricultural Water Savings .................................................................................... 36 4.4 Enhanced Water Withdrawal Permit System ....................................................................... 39 4.5 Water/Soil Erosion Control ..................................................................................................... 40 4.6 Participatory Irrigation Management ................................................................................... 41 4.7 Water Pollution Control ........................................................................................................... 41 4.8 Impact of Climate Change ...................................................................................................... 41 4.9 Integrated Water Resources Management ............................................................................ 42 China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy III Table of Contents Chapter V - Partnership Strategy for Sustainable and Green Growth ....................................... 49 5.1 Guiding Principles of Partnership Strategy .......................................................................... 50 5.2 Partnership Strategy for Flood Protection and Mitigation.................................................. 51 5.3 Partnership Strategy for Water Scarcity ................................................................................. 52 5.4 Partnership Strategy for Control of Water Pollution ........................................................... 53 5.5 Partnership Strategy for Restoration of Ecological Environment ...................................... 54 5.6 Partnership Strategy for Improving Water Resources Management ................................ 55 5.7 Partnership Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation ........................................................ 57 Chapter VI – Agenda for Cooperation between China and World Bank .................................. 59 6.1 Major Foundational Studies ................................................................................................... 60 6.2 Infrastructure Construction ..................................................................................................... 60 6.3 Water Resources Management ................................................................................................ 62 6.4 Short-term Focal Areas ............................................................................................................. 63 Annexes 1 - Decision on Accelerating Water Sector Reform and Development .......................................... 71 2 - Summary of the 12th Five-Year Program (2011-2015) on Water Sector Development ............ 83 3 - Policy Note on Integrated Flood Risk Management ................................................................. 91 4 - Summary of Climate Change and Strategies in China’s Major River Basins ....................... 105 5 - Overview of the Irrigation and Water Resources Projects in China ...................................... 115 Boxes 3-1: The Latest National Water Resources Master Plan for China ................................................ 24 3-2: Governmental Organizations for Water Management ............................................................ 25 3-3: Decisions on Accelerating Water Sector Reform and Development in China...................... 29 3-4: The Strictest Water Resources Management System Implemented in China ....................... 31 4-1: Selected International Experience and Lessons on Integrated Flood Risk Management .. 37 4-2: New Concept on Irrigated Agriculture Water Savings............................................................ 38 4-3: New Concept on Improving Existing Water Withdrawal Permit System ............................ 39 4-4: Watershed Management in Loess Plateau Pays Off ................................................................. 40 4-5: A New Approach on ET/EC-based Integrated Water and Environment Management .... 46 4-6: Hai Basin Project – IWRM in Practice ......................................................................................... 47 4-7: Example Water Balance Calculation – Turpan Basin, Xinjiang of China .............................. 48 Tables 2-1: Water Use and GDP Data by Country and Income Group ..................................................... 15 2-2: Main Issues by River Basin .......................................................................................................... 17 3-1: Main Water-Related Laws and Regulations .............................................................................. 26 4-1: The World Bank Loan-Financed Irrigation and Water Projects ............................................. 34 4-2: The Grant-Funded Projects and Studies on Water in China ................................................... 35 IV China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy Table of Contents Figures 1-1: China’s Water Resources, Arable Land and Population in the World ................................... 2 1-2: Context and Components of Integrated Water Resources Management ................................ 5 1-3: Road Map for Achieving Strategic Goals .................................................................................... 5 2-1: Comparison of Water Resources Per Capita in Selected Countries ......................................... 7 2-2: Water Distribution between North and South China ................................................................ 8 2-3: Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability in China’s Major