Electricity Supply Industry Expert Panel Basslink: Decision making, expectations and outcomes Information Paper December 2011 Electricity Industry Panel - Secretariat GPO Box 123 Hobart TAS 7001 Telephone: (03) 6232 7123 Email: [email protected] http://www.electricity.tas.gov.au December 2011 © Copyright State of Tasmania, 2011 Contents GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................... 1 Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 4 1. The case for interconnection ......................................................................................... 10 2. The search for a developer ............................................................................................ 13 2.1. The proposals ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2. The final selection process ...................................................................................... 17 2.3. Achieving Financial Close ...................................................................................... 18 2.4. Cost implications of the joint approvals process ................................................ 20 3. Hydro Tasmania’s business case for Basslink ............................................................... 23 3.1. Independent advice obtained by Hydro Tasmania .......................................... 29 3.2. Independent advice obtained by the State Government .............................. 30 3.3. Notice to proceed ................................................................................................... 31 3.4. Project completion .................................................................................................. 33 4. Basslink’s Performance - Physical .................................................................................. 35 4.1. Energy transfers ......................................................................................................... 36 4.2. Availability .................................................................................................................. 38 4.3. Financial impacts of availability ............................................................................ 42 5. Basslink’s Performance - Financial ................................................................................ 43 5.1. Basslink’s performance against the business case ............................................. 43 5.2. Basslink’s contribution to supply reliability ............................................................ 49 5.2.1. Hydro Tasmania’s analysis ............................................................................... 50 5.2.2. The Panel’s analysis .......................................................................................... 52 5.3 Summary of the financial performance of Basslink ............................................ 55 Appendix 1: Basslink Counterfactuals.................................................................................. 60 Appendix 2: Sources of value from Basslink ........................................................................ 71 Page | 1 GLOSSARY ACCC Australian Competition and Consumer Commission AEI Australian Energy International (Basslink) Consortium APV Annualised Present Value BDA Basslink Development Agreement BDB Basslink Development Board BDSC Basslink Development Steering Committee BFF Basslink Facility Fee BOA Basslink Operations Agreement BPL Basslink Pty Ltd BSA Basslink Services Agreement CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine CIGRE International Council on Large Electricity Systems CPI Consumer Price Index CPs Conditions Precedent DC Direct Current EPC Engineering, Procurement & Construction FCAS Frequency Control Ancillary Services GW Giga Watt GWh Giga Watt Hours HEC Hydro Electric Commission HVDC High Voltage Direct Current IBG Investment Banking Group IES Intelligent Energy Systems IRR Inter Regional Revenue JAP Joint Advisory Panel MOU Memorandum of Understanding MRET Mandatory Renewable Energy Target MW Mega Watt MWh Mega Watt Hours NAB National Australia Bank NEM National Electricity Market NEMMCO National Electricity Market Management Company NGIL National Grid International Ltd NPV Net Present Value OCGT Open Cycle Gas Turbine PwC Price Waterhouse Coopers RECs Renewable Energy Certificates SEC State Electricity Commission of Victoria SOEBs State Owned Electricity Businesses SPS System Protection Scheme TPA Trade Practices Act Page | 2 Foreword In June 2010, the Tasmanian Government announced that it would establish an independent expert panel to conduct an investigation into, and provide guidance to Parliament on, the current position and future development of Tasmania’s electricity industry. The Electricity Supply Industry Expert Panel was established under the Electricity Supply Industry Expert Panel Act 2010, and granted wide ranging information gathering powers to enable it to perform its intended function, as set out in its Terms of Reference. Amongst other things, the Panel’s Terms of Reference require it to investigate and report on major infrastructure development decisions affecting the electricity sector and the impact that those decisions have had on electricity prices in Tasmania and on the financial position of the State-owned electricity businesses (SEOBs). In its published Statement of Approach, the Panel took this reference to include decisions regarding major infrastructure to encompass Basslink, the undersea cable linking the Tasmanian and Victorian electricity grids. This paper sets out information pertaining to the processes, decisions and expectations of the State Government and Hydro Tasmania in relation to the project and examines the extent to which the outcomes achieved by Basslink to date have been consistent with the original expectations. Specifically, the paper sets out factual information and analysis regarding: . the circumstances and reasoning that persuaded the Government of the need for Basslink and of its status as a project of State significance; . the processes by which the private sector developer for Basslink was chosen; . the business case that informed Hydro Tasmania’s decision to commit to the development of Basslink; and . the extent to which the project has met the expectations established by the Government and Hydro Tasmania since it was commissioned in 2005-06. In preparing this paper the Panel has engaged in extensive discussions with a range of stakeholders, including senior representatives of Hydro Tasmania, both past and present, the operators of Basslink, and members of the Basslink Development Board. The Panel has also used its information gathering powers to access a range of documents pertaining to the development of Basslink. Those documents included briefings provided to Cabinet, Hydro Tasmania board papers and meeting minutes, copies of independent advice obtained by the Department of Treasury and Finance, various iterations of Hydro Tasmania’s business case for Basslink, the Basslink Services Agreement and other commercial arrangements between Hydro Tasmania and Basslink Pty Ltd. Page | 3 While issues of commercial sensitivity and Cabinet confidentiality preclude the release of the aforementioned source material, or detailed references to its content, the Panel has been able to arrive at its own, independent and fully informed understanding of the circumstances and decisions which led to Basslink’s construction, as well as the link’s performance since it became operational in April 2006. Page | 4 Executive Summary When the Rundle Liberal Government announced in 1997 its intention to proceed with the development of an undersea interconnector linking the Tasmanian and Victorian electricity grids, the idea of a submarine cable across Bass Strait was not new. The economic and technical feasibility of interconnection had been considered numerous times by the Hydro-Electric Commission and others over the preceding 50 years, but never managed to gain the support needed for it to become a reality. However, the end of large scale hydro electric development in Tasmania and the need to secure the next electricity supply option for the State, along with the long-standing issue of hydrological risk management and the development of the National Electricity Market, led the Rundle Government to seek expressions of interest through a competitive selection process for a private sector party to develop Basslink, and to progress the project as a Project of State Significance. Basslink was to form a central element that enabled a package of electricity sector reforms to be implemented. While aspects of the proposed reforms, such as the sale of the HEC’s transmission, distribution and retail businesses, did not survive the change of Government that occurred in 1998, the incoming Bacon Labor Government endorsed the development of an undersea interconnector, and the process that had been set in motion to find a private sector developer for Basslink continued. The new Government did, however, revise the previous Government’s goals and strategic objectives for Basslink to the following: . improve the security of electricity supply and reduce the exposure to drought conditions