FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE MICROSPHERES USING NATURAL, SEMI SYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER AS CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM A Dissertation Submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University Chennai - 600 032 In partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of MASTER OF PHARMACY (Pharmaceutics) Submitted by CHUKKAPALLI SAMATHA (Register No: 26116006) Under the Guidance of Mr. T. AYYAPPAN, M. Pharm. Assistant Professor Department of Pharmaceutics ADHIPARASAKTHI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY (ACCREDITED BY “NACC” WITH A CGPA OF 2.74 ON A FOUR POINT SCALE AT “B” GRADE) MELMARUVATHUR - 603 319 APRIL 2013 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research work entitled ―FORMULATION AND IN- VITRO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE MICROSPHERES BY USING NATURAL SEMISYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AS CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM” submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of the Master of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) was carried out by “CHUKKAPALLI SAMATHA” (Register No. 26116006) in the Department of Pharmaceutics under my direct guidance and supervision during the academic year 2012-2013. T. AYYAPPAN, M. Pharm., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Place: Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Date: Melmaruvathur - 603 319. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled ―FORMULATION AND IN- VITRO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE MICROSPHERES BY USING NATURAL SEMISYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AS CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM” the bonafide research work carried out by “CHUKKAPALLI SAMATHA” (Register No. 26116006) in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Melmaruvathur which is affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, under the guidance of Mr. T. AYYAPPAN, M. Pharm., Department of Pharmaceutics, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, during the academic year 2012-2013. Prof. (Dr.) T. VETRICHELVAN, M. Pharm. Ph.D., Principal, Place: Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Date: Melmaruvathur - 603 319. Dedicated To My beloved parents... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to His Holiness ARULTHIRU AMMA for his ever growing Blessings in each step of the study. I wish to express my sincere thanks to THIRUMATHI V. LAKSHMI BANGARU ADIGALAR, ACMEC Trust, Melmaruvathur, for her excellence in providing skillful and compassionate spirit of unstinted support for carrying out this research work. I would like to thank God for showing his blessings upon me by providing me this opportunity to excel one step further in life. My special thanks to my gratitude Mr. T. AYYAPPAN,M. Pharm. Assistant Professor, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, and Melmaruvathur, as Guide, who with his dynamic approach boosted my moral, which helped me to a very great extent in the completion of this dissertation. His assurances and advice had helped me in good stead. His guidance, support, enthuses and encouragement, which made the dissertation an educative and interesting experience. I am in short of words to thank him for unlimited patience, freedom of thought, faith and affection best owed upon me throughout my project work. I wish to extend my sincere thanks with bounteous pleasure to the principal Prof. Dr. T. VETRICHELVAN, M. Pharm., Ph. D. Principal, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Melmaruvathur, for providing invigorating and conducive environment to pursue this research work with great ease. I express my heartfelt thanks to Professor, Mr. K. SUNDARAMOORTHY, B.Sc., M. Pharm. Professor, Dr. S.SHANMUGAM, M.Pharm., Ph.D., Department of Pharmaceutics, Mr. A. UMAR FARUKSHA, M.Pharm., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mr. K. ANANDAKUMAR, M.Pharm., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis for encouragement and support for the successful completion of this work. My sincere thanks to our lab technicians Mrs. S. KARPAGAVALLI, D. Pharm., and Mr. M. GOMATHI SHANKAR, D. Pharm., for their kind help throughout the work. I am very grateful to our Librarian Mr. M. SURESH, M.L.I.S., for his kind co-operation and help in providing all reference books and literatures for the completion of this project. I am thankful to my colleague, my dear friends, for being a great source of help whenever I needed and for sharing their ideas and extending support during the course of study. Finally, I can hardly find any words enough to express gratitude to My Parents, my ever loving, affectionate Family members especially brother whose tremendous encouragement, support, prayer, and love which has proved to be a real source of inspiration, and will remain so for the life to come, without which it would have been impossible for me to achieve this success. CHUKKAPALLI SAMATHA CONTENTS Page Chapter Title No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1. Literature Review 43 2.2. Drug Profile 52 2.3. Polymers Profile 56 3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 64 4 PLAN OF WORK 66 5 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS 5.1. Materials used 68 5.2. Equipments used 69 6 PRE-FORMULATION STUDIES 70 7 FORMULATION OF MICROSPHERES 76 8 EVALUATION OF MICROSPHERES 8.1. Percentage Yield 80 8.2. Estimation of Drug content 80 8.3. Estimation of Entrapment efficiency 80 8.4. Particle size Analysis 81 8.5. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) 81 8.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 81 8.7. In-Vitro Drug Release Study 82 8.8. Kinetics of In –Vitro Drug release 82 8.9. Stability study 83 9 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9.1. Identification of Drug 85 9.2. Evaluation of microspheres 95 9.3. In-Vitro Drug Release Study 104 9.4. Kinetics of In –Vitro Drug release 117 9.5. Stability study 122 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 131 11 FUTURE PROSPECTS 134 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 LIST OF TABLES Page Table No. Name of Table No. 1.1 Classification of Hypertension 34 2.1 Dosage forms and routes of administration of Metoprolol 55 2.3 Uses of Ethyl cellulose 61 5.1 List of polymers and excipients with source 68 5.2 List of equipments with model 69 6.1 Description of solubility 71 7.1 Formulation of Metoprolol tartrate Microspheres 76 8.1 Diffusion exponent solute release mechanism 83 9.1 Solubility of Metoprolol Tartrate in different solvents 85 Data of concentration and Absorbance for Metoprolol tartrate in 9.2 87 Distilled water 9.3 Data for Calibration Curve parameters of in distilled water 88 Data of concentration and Absorbance for Metoprolol tartrate in 9.4 89 0.1N HCl 9.5 Data for Calibration Curve parameters of in 0.1N HCl 90 Data of concentration and Absorbance for Metoprolol tartrate 9.6 92 Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 9.7 Data for Calibration Curve parameters in Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 93 9.8 Percentage purity of Metoprolol tartrate 93 9.9 Interpretation of FTIR spectra of Metoprolol Tartrate 94 9.10 Loss on drying of Metoprolol tartrate 95 Comparison of percentage yield, drug content and percentage 9.11 96 entrapment efficiency 9.12 Particle size of various formulations of Microspheres 97 9.13 Data for DSC thermogram parameters 103 9.14 Parameters were used for the dissolution study 104 9.15 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F1 105 9.16 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F2 106 9.17 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F3 107 9.18 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F4 108 9.19 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F5 109 9.20 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F6 110 9.21 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F7 111 9.22 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F8 112 9.23 In-vitro drug release data of Formulation F9 113 9.24 Comparative drug release data for all Formulations 114 9.25 Kinetics of In –Vitro drug release profile for all Formulations 118 9.26 Drug content of formulation F3 at the end of 1 month of stability 122 Entrapment efficiency of formulation F3 at the end of 1 month of 9.27 123 stability In-vitro drug release data of formulation F3 at the end of 1 month 9.28 124 of stability 9.29 Drug content of formulation F3 at the end of 2 months of stability 125 Entrapment efficiency of formulation F3 at the end of 2 months of 9.30 125 stability In-vitro drug release data of formulation F3at the end of 2 months 9.31 126 of stability 9.32 Drug content of formulation F3 at the end of 3 months of stability 127 Entrapment efficiency of formulation F3 at the end of 3 months of 9.33 127 stability In-vitro drug release data of formulation F3 at the end of 3 months 9.34 128 of stability LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure No. Name of Figure No. 1.1 Controlled drug release profile 3 1.2 Drug levels in blood 4 1.3 Diffusion controlled drug release matrix 9 1.4 Drug dispersion in inert matrix 11 1.5 Osmotically controlled release system 14 1.6 Microspheres diagram 15 1.7 Preparation of microsphere by protein gelation technique 22 Preparation of microsphere by emulsion polymerization 1.8 23 technique 1.9 Microspheres preparation by emulsion method 24 1.10 Microspheres by solvent evaporation method 25 1.11 Stages involved in spray drying process 26 1.12 Formation of product in spray drying process 26 1.13 Drug release mechanisum for Polymeric drug delivery 31 1.14 Factors effecting properties of microspheres 32 7.1 Preparation of egg albumin microspheres 77 7.3 Preparation of Eudragit RL 100 microspheres 79 9.1 λ max observed for Metoprolol tartrate in Distilled water 86 9.2 Standard graph of metoprolol tartrate in Distilled water 87 9.3 λ max observed for Metoprolol tartrate in 0.1 N HCL 88 9.4 Standard graph of metoprolol tartrate in 0.1 N HCL 90