SNAKES of the WORLD A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species Van Wallach Kenneth L. Williams Jeff Boundy K21592.indb 3 4/16/14 3:24 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20140108 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-0847-4 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Williams, Kenneth L., 1934- Snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species / Van Wallach, Kenneth L. Williams, Jeff Boundy. pages cm Previous edition by Kenneth L. Williams and V. Wallach. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4822-0847-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Snakes. I. Wallach, Van. II. Boundy, Jeff. III. Title. QL666.O6W455 2014 597.96--dc23 2013047012 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com K21592.indb 4 4/16/14 3:24 PM We dedicate this book with warm affection to Douglas Athon Rossman a.k.a. “Dag” Douglas Rossman, Photo Courtesy of the LSU Museum of Natural Science Emeritus Curator and Professor of Herpetology Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science Baton Rouge, LA (1963–1998) Doug directed all three of us in our graduate programs for either Masters (VW) or Doctoral (JB, KLW) degrees, was an excellent teacher, thoughtful advisor, and supportive friend, and made each of us better herpetologists with his encouragement, insightful advice, and constructive criticism exemplified daily by his dedication to scientific research. “Mon ami, there are only two kinds of snake: the good snake (dead) and the bad snake (trop vive!)” … old Cajun saying from the Bayou v K21592.indb 5 4/16/14 3:24 PM K21592.indb 6 4/16/14 3:24 PM Contents Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................ix Collection Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................................................... xxvii Valid Genera and Species A .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2 B .....................................................................................................................................................................................................87 C ...................................................................................................................................................................................................129 D ...................................................................................................................................................................................................204 E ...................................................................................................................................................................................................249 F....................................................................................................................................................................................................290 G ...................................................................................................................................................................................................294 H ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 313 I ....................................................................................................................................................................................................340 K ...................................................................................................................................................................................................345 L ...................................................................................................................................................................................................347 M ..................................................................................................................................................................................................409 N ...................................................................................................................................................................................................460 O ...................................................................................................................................................................................................481 P.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 512 R ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 613 S ....................................................................................................................................................................................................646 T ...................................................................................................................................................................................................681 U ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 761 V ...................................................................................................................................................................................................771 W ..................................................................................................................................................................................................778 X ...................................................................................................................................................................................................780 Y ...................................................................................................................................................................................................790 Z ...................................................................................................................................................................................................791 Genera and Species Inquirenda .......................................................................................................................................................796 Geographical References...................................................................................................................................................................822 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................................................................835 Index ...................................................................................................................................................................................................1141