Land use and transport integration in small cities _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of contents Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... 2 List of figures .................................................................................................................................. 4 List of tables .................................................................................................................................... 6 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Sommario ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Structure of the thesis .................................................................................................................. 12 Research background................................................................................................................... 13 The rise of automobile and the decline of public transport .................................................. 14 The revamp of public transport ................................................................................................. 15 Sustainability, safety and transport ............................................................................................ 16 Urban system and transport system in the age of urban transformation ............................ 18 Land use and public transport integration ............................................................................... 20 TOD ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Catchment area ............................................................................................................................. 23 The node place model ................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 27 Research framework .................................................................................................................... 28 The core question......................................................................................................................... 31 Context definition ........................................................................................................................ 34 Terminology .................................................................................................................................. 39 Theoretical framework ................................................................................................................ 43 Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................................................ 56 The role of transport integration ............................................................................................... 57 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 58 Indicators ....................................................................................................................................... 61 ‘Three-step’ node place analysis ................................................................................................. 67 General node place analysis ........................................................................................................ 67 Detailed node place analysis ....................................................................................................... 68 Radar diagram analysis ................................................................................................................ 69 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Land use and transport integration in small cities _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 72 North Holland study case ........................................................................................................... 73 Data sources .................................................................................................................................. 80 Methodology implementation and results ................................................................................ 87 Actual situation and suggested planning strategies ................................................................. 99 Appendix .....................................................................................................................................102 Chapter 5 ..........................................................................................................................................107 Campania study case ..................................................................................................................108 Data sources ................................................................................................................................112 Methodology implementation and results ..............................................................................124 Actual situation and suggested planning strategies ...............................................................131 Appendix .....................................................................................................................................133 Chapter 6 ..........................................................................................................................................136 Central Italy study case ..............................................................................................................137 Data sources ................................................................................................................................139 Methodology implementation and results ..............................................................................147 Actual situation and suggested planning strategies ...............................................................160 Appendix .....................................................................................................................................162 Conclusions and research prospects ............................................................................................172 Outcomes ....................................................................................................................................174 Used indicators ...........................................................................................................................174 Thesis evaluation ........................................................................................................................177 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................................179 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Land use and transport integration in small cities _____________________________________________________________________________________________ List of figures Figure 1. The node place model. .................................................................................................... 25 Figure 2. Example of missed integration between land use and railway accessibility. ........... 33 Figure 3. Rural-Urban classification of Local Authorities in England. .................................... 35 Figure 4. Accessibility to education, health, culture, finance services.. .................................... 36 Figure 5. Municipalities classified as ‘marginal’ and ‘ultra-marginal’ ........................................ 37 Figure 6. EU countries – Degree of urbanisation. ...................................................................... 38 Figure 7. The Netherlands – Degree of urbanisation. ................................................................ 38 Figure 8. Italy - Degree of urbanisation. ....................................................................................... 39 Figure 9. Calthorpe’s model of catchment area. .......................................................................... 39 Figure 10. Example of a possible area of application. ................................................................ 41 Figure 11. Search methodology. ..................................................................................................... 48 Figure 12. Multimodal transport chain and proposed innovation.. .........................................