THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL IN THE METAMORPHOSIS OF BECOMING Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in Dialogue VOLUME 1 Founder and Editor: Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka Co-Editor: Gholam Reza A' awani, Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute Editorial Board: Mehdi Aminrazavi, Department of Classics, Philosophy and Religion, Mary Washington College Angela Ales Bello, Rome Patrick Burke, Department of Philosophy, Seattle University William Chittick, Comparative Studies, State University of New York at Stony Brook Nader El-Bizri, Dept. of History & Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge Lenn E. Goodman, Department of Philosophy, Vanderbilt University Idris Samawi Hamid, Department of Philosophy/Religion, Colorado State University Hassan Hanafi, Department of Philosophy, College of Arts, Cairo University James G. Hart, Department of Religious Studies, Indiana University Walter Lammi, Department of English, The American University in Cairo Robert D. Sweeny, Department of Philosophy, John Carroll University Seyyed Mostafa Mohnqoq Damad Ahmad Abadi, Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute Reza Davari Ardakani, Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute Ibrahim Dinani, Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute Seyyed Mohammed Khamenei, Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute The Passions of the Soul in the Metamorphosis of Becoming Edited by Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning ,.• SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-6359-5 ISBN 978-94-017-0229-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0229-4 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2003 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION xix INAUGURAL STUDY ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I The Human Soul in the Metamorphosis 3 of life SECTION ONE THE SOUL IN ITS PASSIONS SAYYID MUHAMMAD KHAMENEI I Phenomenology of Soul in Mulla 17 Sadra's School WILLIAM C. CHITTICK I The In-Between Reflections on the Soul in the 29 Teachings of Ibn 'Arabi KATHLEEN HANEY I The Three Movements of the Soul According to Anna- 39 Teresa Tymieniecka ANGELA ALES BELLO I The Human Being and its Soul in Edith Stein 57 NADER EL-BIZRI I Avicenna's De Anima, Between Aristotle and Husser! 67 MEHDI AMINRAZA VI I Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) Phenomenological Analysis of 91 How the Soul (Nafs) Knows Itself ('ilm al-hiidiiri) v VI TABLE OF CONTENTS SECfiON1WO THE SPHERES OF THE MIND GHOLAM REZA A'AW ANI I Intentionality in Husserl and Mullii Sadrli 101 SAYYID MUSTAFA MUHAQQIQ DAMADI Some Notes on the Problem of 113 Mental Existence in Islamic Philosophy GOLAM HOSSEIN IBRAHIM DINAN! I The Copulative Existence 119 SACHIKO MURATA I Good and Evil in Islamic Neo-confucianism 125 WALTER LAMMI I Gadamer on the Cultic 135 HASSAN HANAFI I Soul, Body and the Spirit --Phenomenology of Medicine 145 SECTION THREE FLUX AND STASIS ARTUR PRZYBYSLAWSKI/ The Bow of Heraclitus: A Reflection on the 155 Language of Becoming JOSEPH ELLUL I The Distinctio Realis Between Essence and Existence in the 161 Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas JACEK SURZYN I Concurrence between Husserl's Conception of the Essence 171 and Duns Scotus' Theory of Common Nature NANCY MARDAS I Essence and Existence in Phenomenological Ontology: 183 Roman Ingarden IDRIS SAMAWI HAMID I The Polarity of Existence and Essence According to 199 Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsii'I SECTION FOUR MORE ABOUT THE PHENOMENON AND ITS UNVEILING MOHAMMAD AZADPUR I Unveiling the hidden, On the Meditations of 219 Descartes and Ghazzali REZA DAV ARI ARDAKANI I A Shared Quest Between Islamic Philosophy and 241 Phenomenology APPENDIX/ Programs of Two Symposia Held in the Institute's Program of Islamic 247 Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in a Dialogue at the American Philosophical Association Meetings of December 2000 and December 2001. INDEX OF NAMES 249 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The present collection of studies came about partly in response to my launching of the Institute's program into a dialogue between Occidental Phenomenology and Islamic Philosophy in March 2000. My paper and those of Mohammad Azadpur, William Chittick were presented at our first symposium, which was held on December 29, 2000 at the Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association in New York City. Sachiko Murata's paper was presented at a second symposium held on December 28, 2001 at the Eastern Division Meeting American Philosophical Association held in Atlanta, Georgia The papers of Sayyid Muhammad Khamenei, Gholam Reza A'awani, Sayyid Mustafa Muhaqqiq Damad, Golam Hossein Ibrahim Dinani, Reza Davari Ardakani, Artur Przybyslawski, Jacek Surzyn, and Joseph Ellul stem from our 51st International Phenomenology Congress held in Rome in June 2001. The papers of Idris Samawi Hamid, Hassan Hanafi, Mehdi Aminrazavi, Nader El-Bizri, Nancy Mardas, Walter Lammi, Angela Ales Bello, and Kathleen Haney were contributed upon special invitation. Our special thanks go to our publisher Kluwer for offering us an outlet for our specialized work through this new book series. Ryan Walthers graciously consented to copy edit the manuscripts and Nader EI-Bizri to help establish the proper forms of the Arabic names, particularly as given in the index. Senorita Aurelia Valero helped Claire Ortiz Hill put the finishing touches on the manuscript to make it camera ready. Robert Wise should be thanked for the proofreading. To Jeff Hurlburt we owe thanks for a careful and dedicated attention to the entire project. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka VII PREFACE ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA PREFACE Over the millennia, philosophy has sought the ultimate understanding of the full human horizon of existence as well as of human destiny and the ultimate sense of it All. The innumerable attempts to grasp the answers to these questions, each taking its own approach and having its own preconceptions, have engendered a range of different philosophical approaches, one so broad that seemingly unbridgeable rifts impede possible, cross-fertilizing communication. And yet the themes of all of them, e.g., the immeasurable cosmos, life, the individual being bearing life, the human person within his or her world, and his or her longings to transcend that world, the human mind, its pragmatic/cognitive tools, creative, speculative pursuits, remain constants. The logos they all share is one. It is not that no vicarious sharing of intuitive glimpses by the proponents of the varied doctrines and methods in question occurs. The history of philosophy is in fact marked by the juxtaposing of theories and approaches having different trajectories and by the mixing of insights, the crossing of borders, etc. However, what is greatly needed is in-depth comparison of the various doctrines and a reflection on the contrasting, opposing, clashing perspectives that seeks foundations for all of them in the human, creative condition, in that microcosm that extends its tentacles toward the two great infmities: the external infmity of the cosmos and the internal infinity of transcending destiny. By going back to the primeval logos as it differentiates itself with the origin and unfurling of life, we may retrieve these common roots that all philosophies share. In order to promote dialogue between Occidental phenomenology and Islamic philosophy on this deep level of the logos, we are inaugurating this book series. At the launching of this series under the title of Occidental Phenomenology and Islamic Philosophy in a Dialogue, a statement of its raison d'etre, its aim, its place within comparative scholarship, and the ways and means of its expected realization is in order. By no mere juxtaposing of the so-called "methods" and the axioms they derive from, nor even by establishing historical filiations of ideas and the comparison of concepts, may we find the groundwork for metaphysical dialogue among philo- XI A-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), The Passions ofthe Soul in the Metamorphosis ofBecoming, XI-XVII © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. XII ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA logos at its constructive shining forth. The human creative condition is the "place"­ sphere-arena that our phenomenology of life in its ontopoiesis has proposed as the ground for this work. It is upon that ground that the World Phenomenology Institute has been engaging in dialogues with philosophies proceeding from different assumptions and cultural settings. Thus, the dialogue between phenomenology and Islamic philosophy upon the common ground of the human creative condition within the unity-of-everything-there-is-alive that we are proposing has the benefit of having an already fruitful mode to follow. However, some ambiguities are attached to the very title of our new book series. First of all, the very term 'Islamic philosophy,' and that of 'Occidental phenomeno­ logy' too, may engender controversy. In fact, the term 'Islamic' covers a vast field of divergent philosophical doctrines, schools of thought, individual