Hak Cipta dan Hak Penerbitan dilindungi Undang-undang Cetakan pertama, Desember 2016 Penulis : Lully Hanni Endarini, M.Farm, Apt Pengembang Desain Instruksional : Drh. Ida Malati Sadjati, M.Ed. Desain oleh Tim P2M2 : Kover & Ilustrasi : Aris Suryana Tata Letak : Adang Sutisna Jumlah Halaman : 215 Farmakognosi dan Fitokimia DAFTAR ISI BAB I: PENGANTAR FARMAKOGNOSI 1 Topik 1. Sejarah Singkat Farmakognosi ………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 9 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 9 Tes 1 ……………………………..……......................................................................................... 10 Topik 2. Simplisia ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……................................ 14 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 14 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 15 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 17 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 18 BAB II: KARBOHIDRAT 23 Topik 1. Tinjauan Umum Karbohidrat ………………………………………………………………………………… 26 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 22 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 23 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 23 Topik 2. Simplisia yang Mengandung Karbohidrat ……………………………………………………………… 33 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……................................ 32 Ringkasan ………………………………….................................................................................. 33 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 32 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 35 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 36 iii Farmakognosi dan Fitokimia BAB III: LIPID 52 Topik 1. Tinjauan Umum Lipid ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 44 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 44 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 44 Topik 2. Simplisia yang Mengandung Lipid ………………………………………………………………………… 46 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……............................... 49 Ringkasan ………………………………….................................................................................. 49 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..……......................................................................... 49 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 52 BAB IV: GLIKOSIDA 53 Topik 1. Tinjauan Umum Glikosida …………………………………………………………………………………….. 54 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 56 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 57 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 57 Topik 2. Simplisia yang Mengandung Glikosida ………………………………………………………………….. 59 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……................................ 66 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 67 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 67 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 69 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 70 BAB V: MINYAK ATSIRI 71 Topik 1. Tinjauan Umum Minyak Atsiri ………………………………………………………………………………. 72 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 79 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 80 iv Farmakognosi dan Fitokimia Topik 2. Simplisia yang Mengandung Minyak Atsiri ……………………………………………………………. 81 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……................................ 86 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 87 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 87 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 89 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 90 BAB VI: ALKALOIDA 91 Topik 1. Tinjauan Umum Senyawa Alkaloida ……………………………………………………………………… 92 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 97 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 97 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 97 Topik 2. Simplisia yang Mengandung Alkaloida ………………………………………………………………….. 99 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……................................ 108 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 109 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 109 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 101 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 112 BAB VII: PENGANTAR FITOKIMIA 113 Topik 1. Metabolit Sekunder ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 114 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 120 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 120 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 121 Topik 2. Bahan Tumbuhan …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……............................... 125 Ringkasan ………………………………….................................................................................. 126 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..……......................................................................... 126 v Farmakognosi dan Fitokimia KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................ 128 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 129 BAB VIII: SKRINING FITOKIMIA 130 Topik 1. Skrining Fitokimia Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Dan Tanin …………………………………………………. 131 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 134 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 135 Tes 1……………………….…………………..……........................................................................... 135 Topik 2. Skrining Fitokimia Terpenoid dan Antrakuinon …………………………………………………….. 137 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……............................... 139 Ringkasan ………………………………….................................................................................. 140 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..……......................................................................... 140 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 142 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 143 BAB IX: EKSTRAKSI 144 Topik 1. Teknik Ekstraksi Konvensional ……………………………………………………………………………… 145 Latihan ………………………………………….............................................................................. 148 Ringkasan …………………………………................................................................................... 149 Tes 1 ……………………….…………………..…….......................................................................... 149 Topik 2. Teknik Ekstraksi Non-Konvensional ………………………………………………………………………. 151 Latihan ……………………………………..............................................……............................... 155 Ringkasan ………………………………….................................................................................. 155 Tes 2 ……………………….…………………..……......................................................................... 156 KUNCI JAWABAN TES FORMATIF ............................................................................. 158 DAFTAR PUSTAKA