Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41608-5 — Interactions in the Marine Benthos Edited by Stephen J. Hawkins , Katrin Bohn , Louise B. Firth , Gray A. Williams Index More Information Index abalone, 250–1, 340, 342, 421, 462 encrusting, 28, 54, 65, 99, 196–7, anthozoa, 112 abundant centre hypothesis, 239 200, 281, 339–40, 342, 372–4, antipatharia, 477, 481 abyssal Indian Ocean province, 475 376, 396, 456 Antipathes, 481 Acanella, 477 ephemeral, 16–17, 21, 28–9, 51–2, Antipathes robillardi, 477 Acanella arbuscula, 477 65–6, 69, 74, 76, 78, 140, 170, apex predator, 103–4, 218 Acanella eburnea, 477 315–16, 374, 376, 396, 400–1, Aplodactylus punctatus, 315, Acanthaster planci, 342–3 422, 462, 476, 493–4 318–19 Acanthinucella spirata, 245 spores, 53, 276, 278, 280, 314 aquaculture, 108–9, 196, 202, 282, Acanthocyclus gayi, 317 sweeping, 8, 17, 19, 449, 458 321, 379–80, 382, 499 Acanthocyclus hassleri, 328 turf, 14, 16–19, 28, 54, 56–7, 102, Arbacia lixula, 197, 225 Acanthogorgia, 479 115, 191, 193–6, 198–9, 204, 218, Arctic Ocean, 9 Acanthogorgiidae. See Acanthogorgia 224, 264, 396, 399, 402, 404–5, Arenicola marina, 146, 161 Acanthophora nayadiformis, 217, 408, 417, 421–4, 493 Argentine Province, 165–6 221, 228 understorey, 13, 17, 19, 193–5 artificial reef, 260 Acanthopleura echinata, 313 zygote, 53, 71–2, 194, 204 artificial structure, 1, 4, 9, 13, 20–1, Acanthopleura japonica, 373 alien. See non-indigenous species 24–5, 28, 47, 52–5, 76, 110–11, Actinia equina, 17 Allee effects, 12, 244 164, 174, 176–7, 198, 204, 260, Actinobacteria, 449 allopatric speciation, 10, 346 282, 321, 368, 379–80, 382, 449, Adna anglica, 50 alternative stable states, 54, 70–1, 454, 457, 465, 498 Aegean Sea, 216–17, 224–5 192, 220 Ascidiacea, 76–7, 109–10, 178, 200, Aequipecten opercularis, 52 Alvinella pompejana, 476 282, 321, 339, 342, 347, 440 Agarum, 265, 276 American lobster. See Homarus ascidian. See Ascidiacea Agarum clathratum,91 americanus Ascidiella aspersa, 178 Agarum cribosum, 104 Amphianthus dohrnii, 50 Ascophyllum nodosum, 10, 13, 65 Agarum fimbriatum, 276, 278 Amphibalanus amphitrite, 175, ascothoracid. See Ascothoracidae Agulhas Bank, 333 177 Ascothoracidae, 479 Agulhas Current, 333–4, 339, 347 amphipod, 49, 145–6, 149, 151, 171, Asian shore crab. See Hemigrapsus Ahnfeltiopsis, 171, 176 174, 264, 317, 344, 478–9 sanguineus Ajuruteua peninsula, 436 Anarhichas lupus, 105 Asparagopsis armata, 319 Alaria, 276 Anasterias antarctica, 173–4 Assiminea globulus, 344 Alaria esculenta, 12, 14–15, 17, 29, Anaulus australis, 336 Asterias rubens, 50, 64, 111, 116 56 anemone, 17, 50–2, 110, 166, 174, Asteriidae, 166, 266 Alaria fistulosa, 265 478–9 asteroid. See Asteriidae Alariaceae, 265 Anemonia viridis, 51 Asteroschema clavigerum, 481 Alaska Current, 262 Anisaki, 202 Atacama trench, 475 Alcyonacea, 342, 479 annelid, 80, 282 Atlantic halibut. See Hippoglossus Alcyoniidae, 479 Anolis lizards, 441 hippoglossus Alcyonium digitatum, 52 Anotrichium furcellatum, 178 Atlantic herring. See Clupea harengus Alcyonium hibernicum, 49 anoxia, 150, 254, 435 Atlantic Ocean Aleutian Islands, 102, 260, 265–6, 274 Anpheltiopsis, 176 north, 62, 64, 116, 268, 398, 475–6, Aleutian Low, 274 Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 308, 493 algae 329 north-east, 7–29, 47–57, 115, 463, canopy, 13, 17, 19, 193, 195, 204, Antarctic convergence, 475 493 218, 223–4, 226, 398, 406, 421, Antarctica, 475, 494 north-west, 9, 61, 90, 128–54, 492 459, 463 Anthocidaris crassispina, 374 south-west, 164–80 crustose coralline, 19, 75, 91, 100, Anthomastus grandiflorus, 479 Atlantic sturgeon, 135, 145 169, 200, 250–1, 319, 401 Anthosactis pearseae, 478 Atlantic wolfish, 105 detritus, 13, 25, 29, 80, 98, 223, Anthothela, 477 Aulacaspis marina, 440 270, 466 Anthothoe chilensis, 174 Aulacomya atra, 166, 319, 340 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41608-5 — Interactions in the Marine Benthos Edited by Stephen J. Hawkins , Katrin Bohn , Louise B. Firth , Gray A. Williams Index More Information INDEX 507 Aulacomya maoriana, 395 BIOBLOCK, 21 Callinectes sapidus, 135, 139–40, 144–5, Australasia, 392, 409, 414 biofilm, 26, 99, 197, 377, 466, 491, 148–52, 154, 442 Austrominius modestus, 24–5 498 Callogorgia delta, 477 Avicennia germinans, 435–6, 438, 445 cyanobacteria, 373, 376 Callogorgia verticillata, 481 Avicennia marina, 433, 435, 437, 441 diatom, 145 Cancer, 93, 102, 107, 271 Azores, 9, 11, 16–17, 398 biofouling, 172, 466 Cancer borealis, 103, 107 biogenic reef, 90, 178, 214 Cancer irroratus, 103, 107, 109, 152 BACI. See biological invasions. See non- Cancer pagurus,57 before–after–control–impact indigenous species (NIS) Candidella, 479 Bacteroidetes, 449, 460 bioremediation, 55 Candidella imbricata, 479 bait digging, 149–50 bioturbation, 139, 439 cannibalism, 106, 339, 349 Baja California, 177, 237–41, 243–5, black corals, 479–81 Cape Blanco, 270 265–6, 268–9, 273 Black Sea, 190, 475 Cape Breton Island, 65, 111 Balanus albicostatus, 372 blenny, 222 Cape Canaveral, 130, 134 Balanus glandula, 166, 170, 176–7, 188, Blidingia, 16, 462 Cape Cod, 64–5, 72, 77, 90, 93, 106, 247, 348, 463 blue crab. See Callinectes sapidus 111, 128–31, 134–48, 152–4 Balanus laevis, 313 Boccardia proboscidea, 177 Cape Hatteras, 93, 129–39, 147, 152 Balanus perforatus. See Perforatus Bohai Sea, 365–6 Cape Horn Current, 308 perforatus Botrylloides diegensis, 77 Cape Mendocino, 240, 252, 269–70 Balanus trigonus, 177 Botrylloides violaceus, 282 Cape of Good Hope, 333 ballan wrasse. See Labrus bergylta Botryllus schlosseri, 282 Cape urchin. See Parechinus Banks Peninsula, 393, 403 bottom-up processes, 76, 106, 237, angulosus Barkley Sound, 278 247, 252–4, 270, 283, 307–22, Capitulum mitella, 372, 374 barnacle 342, 381–2, 448–9, 463–4, 491 carbon enrichment, 422, 424 balanoid, 9, 313, 336 Bovichtus argentinus, 173 carbon storage, 55 chthamalid, 9, 23, 28, 220 Brachidontes, 174, 219 Carcinus maenas, 10, 57, 65–6, 73–4, barnacles Brachidontes hirsutus, 396, 402 76–7, 107–8, 151, 156, 178, 496 competition, 12, 24, 177, 221 Brachidontes pharaonis, 217 Caribbean Sea, 223 cyprid, 19 Brachidontes rodriguezii, 166, 170, Carpophyllum angustifolium, hummock formation, 24, 179 173, 177–8, 180 394 larvae, 12, 23, 463 Brassica oleracea, 437 Carpophyllum plumosum, 394 recruitment, 12, 23–4, 66, 69–70, Brazil Current, 165 Caryophyllia smithii, 50 72, 173, 177, 220, 376, 463 Brazil–Malvinas confluence, 165 catastrophe theory, 192–3 settlement, 8, 12, 19, 23, 220, 253, breakwater. See artificial structure Catomerus polymerus, 396 376, 378, 397, 400 British Isles, 8–10, 12–13, 16, 18, 21, Caulerpa zone, 16 23–4, 29, 462, 499 Caulerpa cylindracea, 198–9, 224 bathyal diversity peaks, 481 brown food web, 80 Caulerpa prolifera, 135 Bathymodiolus, 476, 478 bryozoan, 49–51, 53–4, 97, 109, 115, Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea. Bathypathes, 481 166, 200–2, 280, 282 See Caulerpa cylidracea Bay of Antofagasta, 321 Busycon, 145 Caulerpa taxifolia, 224 Bay of Biscay, 9, 11, 23 Buzzards Bay, 131 caulerpenyne, 199 Bay of Fundy, 64–6, 75, 93–4, 111, caulerpicin, 199 130–1, 134–5, 145–7, 151 Calidris pusilla, 145 caulerpin, 199 Bay of Mont Saint Michel, 10 California Current, 245, 262, 271, Cellana before–after–control–impact, 283 274 Cellana denticulata, 394, 401 Bembicium nanum, 396, 401, 461 California sea otter. See Enhydra Cellana flava, 395 Benguela Current, 333, 335, 349 lutris nereis Cellana grata, 373–4 benthic–pelagic coupling, 263, 270 California sheephead. See Cellana ornata, 402 Benthoctopus, 478 Semicossyphus pulcher Cellana radians, 400–2 Bering land bridge, 268 California spiny lobster. See Panulirus Cellana rota, 227 Bering Sea, 260 interruptus Cellana strigilis, 395 betanodavirus, 202–3 California transition zone, 264 Cellana toruema, 377 Between Pacific Tides, 237 Californian province, 264 Cellana tramoserica, 396, 399–401, Bifurcaria bifurcata, 9–10, 22 Callianassa kraussi, 344 406, 461 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41608-5 — Interactions in the Marine Benthos Edited by Stephen J. Hawkins , Katrin Bohn , Louise B. Firth , Gray A. Williams Index More Information 508 INDEX Centrolabrus exoletus, 51 Codium fragile, 76, 98, 108–9, 169 Crepidula fornicata, 55 Centrostephanus rodgersii, 56, 418, Codium fragile var. tomentosoides, crown-of-thorns starfish. See 421, 423 321 Acanthaster planci cephalopod, 311 cold seep, 474–5, 478 cryptic species, 307, 313, 344, 347, Ceramium, 169 Colisella dorsuosa, 374 364, 380 Cerastoderma edule, 147 colour-infrared imaging, 448, 455–6, Cryptocotyle lingua, 65 Cerithium scabridum, 225 465 Cucumaria miniata, 277 Chaetopleura isabellei, 171 Colpomenia, 374 cyanobacteria, 16, 26, 66, 166, 313, Chamaesipho columna, 396 Colpomenia peregrina, 76 315, 340, 372–4, 376, 449–50, Cheilodactylus variegatus, 317–19 commensalism, 51 452–71, 494 chemoautotrophic microbial competition Cymbula oculus, 18 symbionts, 479 for space, 16, 49, 51–2, 110, 147, Cyrtograpsus altimanus, 173–4 Chesapeake Bay, 93, 107, 130, 132, 348, 378, 457 Cyrtograpsus angulatus, 173–4 149, 151 interspecific, 20, 107, 170–1, 221, Cystophora, 396 China Coastal Current, 366 239, 317, 401, 438, 482 Cystoseira,9–11, 194, 197–8, 202, Chionoecetes opilio, 104 intraspecific, 18, 20, 24, 106, 239, 204–5, 224, 229–30 chirostylids, 481 251, 339, 401, 407, 438 Cystoseira abies-marina,16 chiton, 54, 166, 171, 173, 263, 313–16, Concholepas concholepas, 314, 319, Cystoseira abrotanifolia. See Cystoseira 373–4, 378 339 foeniculacea Chiton granosus, 314, 316 cone theory, 477 Cystoseira amentacea, 194–5 chlorophycophyta, 169 confocal laser scanning microscopy, Cystoseira foeniculacea, 217 chlorophyll a, 132–3, 274, 400, 450, 450–1 Cystoseira rayssiae, 229 452, 455–6 Conger conger, 51 Chondrus crispus, 16, 65, 72, 102 Conger eel. See Conger conger Dasysiphonia japonica, 76, 108 Choromytilus meridionalis, 340 connectivity, 24, 147–8, 205, 268, 273, dead men’s fingers.