Virgil’s Aeneid Vocabulary Unit 1: Book 1 Lines 1-33 arma, armorum (n.pl.) – arms, weapons teneo, tenere, tenui – to hold, inhabit cano, canere, cecini, cantum – to sing of colonus, -i (m) – colonist, settler ora, orae (f) – coast contra + acc. – opposite, against, fatum, -i (n) – fate longe (adv) – far off, far away, at a distance profugus, -a, -um – fleeing, fugitive ostium, -i (n) – mouth profugus, -i (m) – a fugitive, an exile dives, divitis – rich litus, litoris (n) – shore, beach opes, opum (f.pl.) – resources, means multum (adv) – much studium, -i (n) – enthusiasm, eagerness, zeal iacto, -are – to toss about, buffet, throw about asper, -a, -um – rough, harsh, fierce altus, -a, -um – high, deep fertur – he/she/it is said altum, -i (n) – the deep, the sea magis (adv) – more vis (abl. vi) (f) – force, power posthabeo, -ere, -ui, -itus – to place after, esteem superus, -a, -um – upper, higher less superi, -orum (m.pl.) – the upper gods colo, colere, colui, cultus – to cultivate, cherish saevus, -a, -um – savage, cruel, fierce, raging currus, -us (m) – chariot memor, -oris – remembering, mindful regnum, -i (n) – kingdom, power ob + acc. – on account of gens, gentis (f) – tribe, nation patior, pati, passus sum – to suffer, permit, endure, quā (adv) – in any way, at all bear sino, sinere, sivi, situs – to allow, permit dum (conj.) – while, until iam (adv) – now, already condo, -ere, condidi, conditus – to found, build, tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus – to stretch, strive, establish entertain the ambition that infero, inferre, intuli, inlatus – to bring in foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus – to cherish, foster/cherish genus, generis (n) – birth, tribe, kind, race the hope that unde (adv) – from where, from which progenies, -ei (f) – offspring, race moenia, -ium (n.pl.) – city walls sed enim – but then Musa, -ae (f) – Muse, goddess of epic poetry sanguis, -inis (m) – blood, stock, race causa, -ae (f) – cause, reason duco, ducere, duxi, ductus – to lead, think, consider; memoro, -are – to mention, recall, relate passive – to arise from numen, -inis (n) – divine will, divinity, deity, godhead olim (adv) – once, formerly laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus – to wound, harm, verto, -ere, verti, versus – to turn, overthrow injure, thwart, outrage arx, arcis (f) – citadel -ve (conj.) – or hinc (adv) – from this, hence doleo, -ere, dolui – to be sad, grieve late (adv) – far and wide regina, -ae (f) – queen rex, regis (m) – king tot (indecl.) – so many superbus, -a, -um – proud, haughty, arrogant volvo, -ere, volvi, volutus – to roll, turn, turn over, excidium, -i (n) – destruction, ruin unroll, experience, decree metuo, -ere, -ui – to fear, dread casus, -us (m) – chance, accident, misfortune vetus, veteris – old, ancient insignis, -is, -e – distinguished, illustrious carus, -a, -um – dear, beloved pietas, pietatis (f) – sense of duty, devotion, piety gero, gerere, gessi, gestus – to carry, carry on, wage adeo, adire, adii, aditus – to go to, approach, necdum (adv) – not yet undergo, encounter dolor, doloris (m) – pain, grief labor, laboris (m) – labor, toil, hardship excido, excidere, excidi – to fall out, disappear impello, -ere, impuli, impulsus – to drive on, impel, excidere animo – to be forgotten compel maneo, manere, mansi, mansus – to remain tantus, -a, -um – so great repono, -ere, -posui, -positus – to put back, store up animus, -i (m) – soul, spirit, mind, courage iudicium, -i (n) – judgment, decision caelestis, -is, -e – heavenly sperno, -ere, sprevi, spretus – to reject, despise, ira, -ae (f) – anger, wrath spurn iniuria, -ae (f) – injury, insult, injustice quippe (adv) – indeed forma, -a (f) – form, shape, beauty veto, vetare – to forbid invisus, -a, -um – hated exuro, -ere, exussi, exustus – to burn up, destroy by rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus – to seize, snatch, carry fire off classis, -is (f) – fleet honor, honoris (m) – honor, praise, glory submergo, -ere, submersi, submersus – to submerge, accendo, -ere, accendi, accensus – to set on fire, sink, drown infuriate pontus, -i (m) – the sea super (adv) – beyond, moreover, besides noxa, -ae (f) – injury, fault, crime aequor, -oris (m) – sea, surface of the sea furiae, -arum (f.pl.) – rage, madness reliquiae, -arum (f.pl.) – remains, survivors, the rest rapidus, -a, -um – rapid, swift, speedy, immitis, -is, -e – cruel, merciless iaculor, iaculari, iaculatus sum – to hurl arceo, -ere, -ui – to enclose, ward off, keep away nubes, -is (f) – cloud, storm cloud erro, errare – to wander, go astray disicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectus – to throw apart, scatter mare, maris (n) – the sea ratis, -is (f) – raft, ship moles, molis (f) – shapeless mass, bulk, labor, everto, -ere, -verti, -versus – to overthrow, destroy difficulty ventus, -i (m) – wind expiro, -are – to breathe out, exhale Lines 34-49 transfigo, -ere, -fixi, -fixus – to pierce through vix (adv) – scarcely flamma, -ae (f) – flame conspectus, -us (m) – sight, view turbo, -inis (m) – whirlwind, storm tellus, telluris (f) – earth, land corripio, -ere, -ui, -reptus – to snatch up, seize velum, -i (n) – sail scopulus, -i (m) – crag, rock, cliff spuma, -ae (f) – foam infigo, -ere, -fixi, -fixus – to fasten upon, impale sal, salis (m) – salt, the briny deep acutus, -a, -um – sharp aes, aeris (n) – copper, bronze, bronze prow ast (conj.) – but ruo, ruere, rui, rutum – to rush, fall down, divus, -a, -um – divine overthrow, plow up incedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus – to walk in a dignified aeternus, -a, -um – eternal, everlasting manner, stride, march in servo, servare – to keep, guard, save soror, -oris (f) – sister pectus, pectoris (n) – chest, breast, soul coniunx, coniugis (m/f) – spouse, husband, wife vulnus, vulneris (n) – wound quisquam – anyone inceptum, -i (n) – undertaking, beginning adoro, -are – to pray to, worship desisto, -ere, destiti, destitum – to desist from, cease praetera (adv) – besides, hereafter vinco, vincere, vici, victus – to conquer, defeat supplex, -icis – suppliant averto, -ere, averti, aversus – to turn away, divert ara, -ae (f) – altar impono, -ere, -posui, -positus – to put upon, lay upon Unit 2: Book 1 Lines 81-123 ubi (conj) – as soon as incumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubitus – to lie upon, swoop cavus, -a, -um – hollow down upon converto, -ere, -verti, -versus – to turn, turn around sedes, sedis (f) – seat, depths, bottom cuspis, -idis (f) – spear-point, spear imus, -a, -um – lowest impello, -ere, impuli, impulsus – to drive, impel, hit, Eurus, -i (m) – east wind smite Notus, -i (m) – south wind latus, lateris (n) – side, flank creber, -bra, brum – thick, frequent, teeming with velut (adv) – as, as if, just as procella, -ae (f) – storm, squall agmen, agminis (m) – army, column of soldiers Africus, -i (m) – stormy south-west wind porta, -ae (f) – gate, exit, opening vastus, -a, -um – empty, vast perflo, -are – to blow over insequor, -sequi, -secutus sum – to follow, pursue stridor, -oris (m) – shrill sound, shrieking, creaking rudens, rudentis (m) – rope, rigging praeruptus, -a, -um – broken off, steep eripio, -ripere, -ripui, ereptus – to snatch away, hide summus, -a, -um – highest, very high incubo, -ere, -ui, -itus – to lie upon, rest upon fluctus, -us (m) – wave, billow, waters intono, -are, intonui – to thunder pendeo, -ere, pependi – to hang, be suspended polus, -i (m) – pole (i.e. north/south), sky, heavens dehisco, -ere, -hivi – to gape open mico, -are, -ui – to shine, gleam, flash furo, -ere – to be mad, swirl about, rage aether, aetheris (m) – upper air, heavens, sky aestus, -us (m) – heat, tide, boiling waves praesens, praesentis – present, instant abripio, -ere, -ui, -reptus – to seize, carry away intento, -are – to stretch out, threaten saxum, -i (n) – rock extemplo (adv) – immediately lateo, -ere, -ui – to lie hidden solvo, -ere, solvi, solutus – to loosen, weaken torqueo, -ere, torsi, tortus – to twist, wind, hurl frigus, frigoris (m) – cold, chill violently membrum, -i (n) – limb dorsum, -i (n) – back, reef ingemo, -ere, -ui – to groan, lament immanis, -is, -e – immense, monstrous, massive duplex, -icis – double, both syrtis, -is (f) – sandbank, shoal sidus, sideris (n) – star, constellation urgeo, -ere, ursi – to push, drive palma, -ae (f) – palm of the hand, hand miserabilis, -is, -e – miserable, pitiable refero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus – to bring back inlido, -ere, -lisi, -lisus – to dash against, drive upon voce referre – to speak, utter vadum, -i (n) – ford, shoal, shallow water quater (adv) – four times agger, aggeris (m) – mound, rampart quīs – quibus cingo, -ere, cinxi, cinctus – to encircle, gird os, oris (n) – mouth, face, eyes fidus, -a, -um – faithful contingit –ere, -tigit (impers. verb) – to happen, be veho, vehere, vexi, vectus – to carry the good fortune of vertex, -icis (m) – whirlpool, summit oppeto, -ere, -ivi, -itus – to meet, encounter a vertice – from above oppetere (mortem) – to die excutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussus – to shake out, shake off occumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubitus – to lie down, die pronus, -a, -um – bent forward, leaning forward campus, -i (m) – plain, field magister, -tri (m) – master, captain, pilot anima, -ae (f) – breath, spirit, life ibidem (adv) – in the same place effundo, -ere, effudi, effusus – to pour out voro, -are – to swallow up dexter, -ra, -rum – right, right hand rarus, -a, -um – rare, wide apart, here and there telum, -i (n) – weapon, spear, javelin no, nare – to swim unda, -ae (f) – wave gurges, -itis (m) – whirlpool scutum, -i (n) – shield tabula, -ae (f) – board, plank galea, -ae (f) – helmet gaza, -ae (f) – treasure strideo, -ere, stridi – to make a shrill or