OCEAN SOLUTIONS OCEANSOLUTIONS EARTH SOLUTIONS EARTHSOLUTIONS OCEANSOLUTIONS Ocean Solutions, Earth Solutions describes realistic, science-based solutions for protecting the ocean and thus the earth. The book’s 16 chapters present high-level ocean science research from the inaugural Esri® Ocean GIS Forum (2013) at Esri headquarters in Redlands, California. It is written for an audience of government decision-makers, ocean and EARTHSOLUTIONS coastal science researchers, GIS practitioners, state and local coastal zone J.Dawn Wright managers, and students of these topics. The book showcases GIS best practices from more than 50 contributing authors and includes digital story Edited by maps, based on the Esri Story Map™ app, and additional online resources. It is edited by Esri Chief Scientist Dawn J. Wright, and the foreword is by oceanographer David G. Gallo, Director of Special Projects for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ocean Solutions, Earth Solutions provides solutions, underpinned by good, digestible science, for protecting the ocean while ensuring our safety on Earth; managing and mitigating conflict among multiple, simultaneous uses of the ocean; geodesigning the seas; and discovering and exploring a part of the planet still less well known than the moon, Mars, or Venus. Additional data and resources for this book are available on the Esri Press “Book Resources” webpage at esripress.esri.com/bookresources. Edited by Dawn J. Wright 138070 NEEDLOTNUMBER Printed in the USA Foreword by David G. Gallo OCEANSOLUTIONS EARTHSOLUTIONS Edited by Dawn J. Wright Foreword by David G. Gallo Cover image by Datacraft Co. Ltd./Getty Images. Cover image by EXTREME-PHOTOGRAPHER/Getty Images. Esri Press, 380 New York Street, Redlands, California 92373-8100 Copyright © 2015 Esri All rights reserved. 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CityEngine is a registered trademark of Procedural AG and is distributed under license by Esri. Other companies and products or services mentioned herein may be trademarks, service marks, or registered marks of their respective mark owners. Ask for Esri Press titles at your local bookstore or order by calling 800-447-9778, or shop online at esri.com/esripress. Outside the United States, contact your local Esri distributor or shop online at eurospanbookstore.com/esri. Esri Press titles are distributed to the trade by the following: In North America: Ingram Publisher Services Toll-free telephone: 800-648-3104 Toll-free fax: 800-838-1149 E-mail: [email protected] In the United Kingdom, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia, and Australia: Eurospan Group 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E 8LU United Kingdom Telephone: 44(0) 1767 604972 Fax: 44(0) 1767 601640 E-mail: [email protected] Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 Cloudy with a Chance of Fish: ArcGIS for Server and Cloud-Based Fisheries Oceanography Applications 1 Tiffany C. Vance, Stephen Sontag, and Kyle Wilcox Chapter 2 What GIS Experts and Policy Professionals Need to Know about Using Marxan in Multiobjective Planning Processes 27 Heather M. Coleman and Jeff A. Ardron Chapter 3 Artificial Reefs, Beach Restoration, and Sea Turtle Nesting in Martin County, Florida 49 Alexandra Carvalho, Kathy Fitzpatrick, Jessica Garland, and Frank Veldhuis Chapter 4 Tools for Implementing the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard 73 Lori Scott, Kathleen L. Goodin, and Mark K. Finkbeiner Chapter 5 How Does Climate Change Affect Our Oceans? 91 Peter Kouwenhoven, Yinpeng Li, and Peter Urich Chapter 6 A GIS Tool to Compute a Pollutant Exposure Index for the Southern California Bight 109 Rebecca A. Schaffner, Steven J. Steinberg, and Kenneth C. Schiff Chapter 7 Development of a Map Viewer for Archipelago de Cabrera National Park, Balearic Islands, Spain 135 Beatriz Ramos López, Nuria Hermida Jiménez, and Olvido Tello Antón Chapter 8 Whale mAPP: Engaging Citizen Scientists to Contribute and Map Marine Mammal Sightings 151 Lei Lani Stelle and Melodi King Chapter 9 Extending Esri Geoportal Server to Meet the Needs of the West Coast Ocean Data Network and Inform Regional Ocean Management 171 Todd Hallenbeck, Tim Welch, Steven J. Steinberg, and Andy Lanier Chapter 10 Linking Landscape Condition Impacts to Coral Reef Ecosystem Composition for the East End of Saint Croix 185 Daniel S. Dorfman, Simon J. Pittman, Sarah D. Hile, Christopher F. G. Jeffrey, Alicia Clarke, and Chris Caldow Chapter 11 Using GIS Tools to Develop a Collaborative Essential Fish Habitat Proposal 203 Sophie de Beukelaer, Karen F. Grimmer, Jennifer A. Brown, and Chad King Chapter 12 More Than Maps: Connecting Aquarium Guests to Global Stories 223 Jennifer Lentz, Emily Yam, Alie LeBeau, and David Bader Chapter 13 Uncovering the Oceans through Marinescape Geovisualization 245 Rosaline Canessa, Robert Newell, and Cathryn R. Brandon Chapter 14 Approaches to Visualizing Complex Ocean Data Using Worldwide Telescope 269 Rob Fatland Chapter 15 Managing the Visual Landscape of Oregon’s Territorial Sea 287 Paul Manson and Andy Lanier Chapter 16 Near Real-Time Oceanic Glider Mission Viewers 315 Shinichi Kobara, Christina Simoniello, Ruth Mullins-Perry, Ann Elizabeth Jochens, Matthew K. Howard, Stephanie M. Watson, and Stephan Howden Contributors 337 Index 355 vi OCEAN SOLUTIONS | EARTH SOLUTIONS Foreword We are living on an ocean planet. In fact, more than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by ocean water. The ocean is vast, deep, and in places represents some of the most remote, hostile, and dynamic environments on Earth. To date, we have explored less than 10% of the world beneath the sea, yet in our voyage of discovery, we find the most dramatic and dynamic topography on the planet; we find thriving ecosystems where we were sure there could be no life at all; and perhaps most important, we find keys and clues to the evolution of Earth itself. Although we are a long way from understanding the relationship between humanity and the sea, one important headline has emerged: a healthy global ocean is critical to human health. Any review of recent scientific literature, anecdotal evidence from those that