G2G.nl-short Programme, including Environmental Facility for New Member States (NMS), Candidate Countries (CC), Potential Candidate Countries (PCC) and other eligible countries REPORT no. 3. General Framework and Application to Jiu river basin in Romania Collected data - draft version 0.3 for internal use only - Integrated Solutions for Soil and Water Problems (ISSWaP) General Framework and Application to Jiu river basin in Romania Bodem+, on behalf of The Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands In cooperation with Ministry of Environment - Romania March 2010 , revision Colofon Title : General Framework and Application to Jiu river basin in Ro- mania; Collected data Project : Integrated Solutions for Soil and Water Problems (ISSWaP General Framework and Application to Jiu river basin in Ro- mania Clients : EVD – Netherlands Ministry of Environment and Planning, Romanian Ministry of Environment Project number : Status and version : Draft version 0.3 Date : March 24, 2010 Authors : Remco van Ek, Ebel Smidt, Frank Vliegenthart, Daniela Du- dau, Constantin Carlan, Ioana Groza, Florentina Nanu E-mail teamleader : [email protected] Project director : Ton Honders E-mail project director : , revision Page 2 of 136 Table of contents 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................5 2 General description of the soil and watersystem ........................................................9 2.1 Air...........................................................................................................................10 2.3 Soils........................................................................................................................17 2.4 Surface water..........................................................................................................17 2.5 Groundwater ...........................................................................................................21 3 Overview of existing plans, legislation and EQS.......................................................23 3.1 Previous studies......................................................................................................33 3.2 Strategic studies......................................................................................................33 3.3 Legislation...............................................................................................................33 3.4 Environmental Quality Standards.............................................................................33 4 Data on sources for water pollution..........................................................................25 4.1 Urban Waste Water.................................................................................................33 4.2 Industrial Waste Water ............................................................................................33 4.3 Critical areas for pollution of surface and underground waters. ................................33 5 Data related to the impact of mining ........................................................................33 5.1 Mining Turceni Jilt ...................................................................................................33 5.2 Mining Rovinari .......................................................................................................33 5.3 National Society of Lignite Oltenia- SNLO................................................................35 6 Data related to the impact of power plants...............................................................41 6.1 ROMAG-Termo.......................................................................................................42 6.2 Turceni....................................................................................................................46 6.3 Rovinari...................................................................................................................50 6.4 Craiova Energetic System – Branch Craiova I .........................................................58 6.5 Craiova Energetic System – Branch Craiova II ........................................................62 7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................69 7.1 Gaps in data and knwoledge ...................................................................................69 7.2 Follow up ................................................................................................................71 8 References..............................................................................................................73 9 Annex .....................................................................................................................75 , revision Page 3 of 136 , revision Page 4 of 136 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The River Basin Management Plan (RMBP) is based on a commonly accepted integrated environmental and economic approach at a European level. The WFD provides a conceptual model for environmental problems within a river basin. As far as we have understood the present version of the Jiu RBMP contains at this mo- ment only little information on the effects of the mining industry and powerplants on the water systems (and ecosystems). Hence, the aim of our project should be to prepare information in such way the problem will be included in the next version of the RBMP. This should be achieved before the next implementation period 2015-2021. All measures that could be implemented earlier are welcomed, but we better can be realistic and be happy if more research can be done between 2010 and 2013, having the plans ready by 2013-2014. However if we can clarify that real risks exist it will be more easy to get things higher on the political agenda. From the point of view of River Basin Management the coal mines and power plants are causing a number of risks: 1. large scale and local changes in the quantitative water regime; 2. large scale and local changes in the qualitative water regime (possibly concerning radioactivity, heavy metals, sulphates, acidity etc.); 3. health risks related to dust originating from the mines, the sterile dumps, the power plants and the fly-ash depots either directly inhaled by humans and livestock or entering the soil and taken up by plants or en- tering water wells or the rivers; 4. health risks related to the leakage of water from the ash depots; 5. ecological risks caused by the processes described under 1 to 3; 6. risks related to failure of protection dams at the ash depots. Especially risks 1, 2, 4 and 5 are related to the WFD and relevant to be quantified in the RBMP. Setup of a good and accurate conceptual model is important to fully understand the problems in the area. The mining sterile sites and the fly-ash depots are expected to have an important impact on the groundwater quality. Both the WFD and the GWD requires no deterioration of the groundwater bodies. Main pollution sources (point- and diffuse sources) are expected to be included in the RBMP and should be described. 1.2 The Jiu river basin Romania, a country of 237,391 km2 and over 21,794,793 inhabitants, is almost entirely situated within the Danube Basin (97.4%). The Romanian section represents 29% of the surface area of the whole Basin, with 37.7% of the river flowing through its territory. The Romanian (and also Ukrainian) Danube is the end carrier of all wastewater discharges from upstream countries to the Black Sea. A large number of upper and middle water courses are situated on the Romanian territory and the Tisa, Prut and Danube Rivers are forming parts of Romanian border. Water resources from the in-land rivers are about 40 billions m3 which represents 20% out of Danube River water resources. , revision Page 5 of 136 Figure 1.1 Danube River Basin District Romania is divided into 12 sub River basins or hydrographic basins. A hydrographic basin is the entire geo- graphical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet. Jiu River Basin is one of them, see table below fora n overview of all hydrographic basins in Romania. Nr.crt. Basins / Areas Surface (km2) % 1. Somes - Tisa 22.380 9,42 2. Crisuri 14.860 6,30 3. Mures 28.022 11,80 4. Banat 18.611 7,84 5. Jiu 16.734 7,05 6. Olt 24.050 10,13 7. Arges Vedea 22.039 9,28 8. Ialomita Buzau 22.289 9,40 9. Siret 28.678 12,08 10. Prut 20.328 8,56 11. Dobrogea Litoral 12.615 5,31 12. Danube, Delta, coastal waters 8.011 - TOTAL Romania 237.391 100 , revision Page 6 of 136 Figure 1.2 Hydrographic basins of Romania , revision Page 7 of 136 Figure 1.3 Areas of main interest for data collection in the Jiu river basin.The red circles indicate the mining areas and areas with power plants and ash deposits. , revision Page 8 of 136 2 General description of the soil and wa- tersystem 2.1 Air The insurance of an appropriate environmental quality, its protection- as a need for survival and progress- represent an issue of major interest and a certain actuality for the social evolution. In this sense, it must preserve the environment quality; the negative effects reduce of human activ- ity with its implications. <Frank hier een samenvatting van bijlage (Details in Annex III), circa 3-4 pagina’s> 2.2 Soils The upper part of the Jiu river basin is a mountainous region (Southern Carpathians)> Geologi- cally this are consists mainly of