British History: Orange Class – Ancient Greece What Can I Re-discover About Ancient Greece? Key Vocabulary Key Dates A city and its surrounding territory The first Olympic games takes place in City state 776BC forming an independent state. honour of Greece. The society, culture or way of life of a The first Greek coins are used to buy Civilsation 600BC particular area. and sell goods. A heavily armed foot soldier Hoplite Pythagoras is born. He made major 570BC breakthroughs in science and maths. A tall ancient Greek jug with two han- Amphora Democracy begins in Athens giving dles and a narrow neck. 508 A ruler who inherited power or seized greater power to the people. Tyrant it unconstitutionally. Key People The Parthenon, the most famous A collection of mythological stories Philosophers: Plato, Socrates, Aristotle. Scientists/ 432 building in Athens, is completed. Mythology belonging to a culture or religion. mathematicians: Euclid, Archimedes, Anaximader, A system of government by eligible Aspasia the Physician Writers: playwrights Plato, Socrates and Aristotle are Democracy members of a state (male citizens aged (Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles. Aristophanes) 400-300 alive. 18+ who could speak) poets (Sappho) historians (Thucydides, Herodutus) Athletes: Milo of Criton, Cynisca of Sparta, Thea- Alexander the Great is king and com- A major sporting event involving the 336 BC Olympics city-states of Ancient Greece held in genes of Thasos Gods/Goddesses: Zeus, Athena, pletes many conquests. Apollo, Demeter, Poseidon, Artemis, Ares, Hera honour of Zeus Rome conquers Greece making it Of the period of the annexation of 146 BC part of the Roman Empire. Classical modern-day Greece and the ‘high point’ of culture Key Places Something that resulted from events in Greece Legacy the past . Sparta Parthenon Temple to the goddess Athena. Athens Mount The highest mountain in Greece. Crete Olympus Mount Olympus British History: Year 3 – Ancient Greece What Can I Re-discover About Ancient Greece? Key Knowledge Key Knowledge Athens and Sparta were rival city states with their own distinct laws, customs, rulers and Only boys from wealthy families attended school. culture. Ancient Greek fighters were so powerful due to their fighting in formation (phalanx) Classes consisted of 10-15 children and were taught along with their use of armour, shields and weaponry including the catapult. Triremes were by male teachers in the teacher’s home. Children at- used to raid rival coastal communities. Alexander the Great revolutionised the way the army tended from sunrise to sunset and only had days off to attend religious festivals. In Sparta, boys from the through his use of spear bearers, lighter armour and scouts to observe the terrain before age of 7 were forced to attend agoge to become battle. Religion was highly important to the Ancient Greeks and was incorporated into many powerful warriors to fight for the city-state in adult aspects of life. Athena (the goddess of war, wisdom and craft) is featured in many artefacts. life. For 100 years, Athens had direct democracy, Zeus, her father, is king of the gods and is identified by his thunderbolts and throne in im- meaning that citizens had to take an active part in agery. The Parthenon was commissioned by the great orator Pericles and built in the acrop- government (women, children and slaves were not included) The bodies of government included the olis of Athens; it was dedicated to Athena and built to celebrate the end of the Persian war courts (which handled lawsuits), the council (chosen and Athenian power. Theatres were a popular form of entertainment; plays were performed at random each year, oversaw the daily running of only by men and often characters included gods. They used theatre masks to depict new government) and the assembly (all citizens could vote characters and to amplify their voices. Theatres were themselves dedicated to the gods to on issues like new laws or joining wars) The Olympic honour them and pray to them e.g. the Epidaurus Theatre was dedicated to Asclepius, the games were a 5-day sporting event held in honour of god of medicine. The role of women in Sparta and Athens contrasted dramatically. In Ath- Zeus and other Olympian gods, most notably Posei- don, the god of horses. All wars and internal con- ens, women were perceived to have the role as being solely caregivers and wives, not being flicts were put aside for the games allowing contest- allowed to go out in public (unless for a special occasion) and confined to women’s quarters. ants and spectators to travel to the games un- In Sparta, women were treated more equally and allowed to partake in sport, own land and harmed. Only men could compete and they compet- considered tasks like weaving to be demeaning. ed nude. Sports that were competed in were to show the strength of warriors. The pankration was notori- ously blood thirsty and the only rules were no eye- gouging and no biting. .