Final Report 5 The Economics of Resettling – A Case 0 0 for in Situ Slum Upgradation 2 Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence Director : Dr.Ranu Khosla [email protected] New Delhi www.cureindia.org ANNEXURE I: SAMPLE SIZE ........................................................................................................ 6 ANNEXURE II: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ................................................................................... 7 ANNEXURE III: INCOME................................................................................................................ 8 ANNEXURE IV: EXPENDITURE .................................................................................................. 11 ANNEXURE V: HOUSING ............................................................................................................ 15 ANNEXURE VI: DISTANCE AND TRANSPORTATION.............................................................. 16 ANNEXURE VII: LOANS .............................................................................................................. 17 ANNEXURE VIII: EDUCATION .................................................................................................... 18 ANNEXURE IX: LEVEL OF SERVICE ......................................................................................... 20 ANNEXURE X: POVERTY............................................................................................................ 25 ANNEXURE XI: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS THROUGH PLA TECHNIQUES ............................ 28 ANNEXURE XII: QUESTIONNAIRE............................................................................................. 39 1 Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................................... 5 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 6 Main Findings of the Study .................................................................................................... 7 Recommendations................................................................................................................15 Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................................................19 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................19 1.1 Slums: The Facts and Figures........................................................................................19 1.2 Slums: Policies and Programmes in India.......................................................................20 1.3 Defining Slums and Urban Poverty.................................................................................20 Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................................................54 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................................................54 2.1 Selection of sites.............................................................................................................54 2.2 Data Collection Methodology..........................................................................................56 2.3 Research Methodology...................................................................................................58 2.4 Specific Tools and techniques: .......................................................................................59 2.5 Data Sources and Constraints........................................................................................63 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................................................64 The Tale of Two Cities...........................................................................................................................................64 3.1 Slums in Mumbai ............................................................................................................64 3.2 Slums in Delhi.................................................................................................................69 Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................................................78 Resettlement Or On site Upgrading: The Debate................................................................................................78 4.1 The Sample Households.................................................................................................78 4.2 Sample Profile ................................................................................................................80 Chapter 5 ................................................................................................................................................................89 Measuring Impact on Affected Population:.........................................................................................................89 5.1 Changes in Income.........................................................................................................89 5.2 Change in Household and Production Assets.................................................................92 5.3 Change in Housing Ownership .......................................................................................94 5.4 Distance to work place for Earning Members .................................................................95 5.5 Change in Nature of Employment...................................................................................99 5.6 Gender analysis of employment Patterns .....................................................................101 5.7 Changes in House hold Expenditure.............................................................................102 5.8 Impact on Social Safety Nets........................................................................................107 5.9 Impact of Education Levels...........................................................................................111 5.10 Access to Physical and social infrastructure...............................................................113 5.11 Access to Social Infrastructure ...................................................................................118 Chapter 6 ..............................................................................................................................................................122 Vulnerability Analysis..........................................................................................................................................122 6.1 Impact of Relocation on Poverty Levels........................................................................122 6.2 Measuring impact on City Economy..............................................................................129 Chapter 7 ..............................................................................................................................................................132 Benefits and Costs of Resettlement and Upgrading........................................................................................132 7.1 Benefits of Resettlement...............................................................................................132 7.3 Costs of Resettlement...................................................................................................135 7.4 The Final Benefit-Cost Analysis....................................................................................137 Chapter 8..................................................................................................................................................................................144 Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................................................................144 8.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................144 8.2 Recommendations........................................................................................................154 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................................158 Draft Final Report -–March 2005 1 Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of Enterprises by location & type of enterprises - All India, ( in ‘00) ................................................................50 Table 2: Informal sector as share of non agricultural and total employment and as a share of non agricultural and total GDP in various developing countries.........................................................................................................................................................51