INPE-15955-TDI/1532 A STUDY OF SHOCK WAVE FRONT AND MAGNETIC CLOUD EXTENT IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE USING OBSERVATIONS FROM MULTI-SPACECRAFTS Aline de Lucas Tese de Doutorado do Curso de P´os-Gradua¸c~ao em Geof´ısica Espacial, orientada pelos Drs. Alisson Dal Lago e Al´ıcia Luisa Cl´ua de Gonzales Alarcon, aprovada em 15 de maio de 2009. Registro do documento original: <http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/04.14.23.59> INPE S~aoJos´edos Campos 2009 PUBLICADO POR: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Gabinete do Diretor (GB) Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao (SID) Caixa Postal 515 - CEP 12.245-970 S~aoJos´edos Campos - SP - Brasil Tel.:(012) 3945-6911/6923 Fax: (012) 3945-6919 E-mail: [email protected] CONSELHO DE EDITORA¸CAO:~ Presidente: Dr. Gerald Jean Francis Banon - Coordena¸c~ao Observa¸c~aoda Terra (OBT) Membros: Dra Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono - Conselho de P´os-Gradua¸c~ao Dr. Haroldo Fraga de Campos Velho - Centro de Tecnologias Especiais (CTE) Dra Inez Staciarini Batista - Coordena¸c~aoCi^encias Espaciais e Atmosf´ericas (CEA) Marciana Leite Ribeiro - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao(SID) Dr. Ralf Gielow - Centro de Previs~ao de Tempo e Estudos Clim´aticos (CPT) Dr. Wilson Yamaguti - Coordena¸c~aoEngenharia e Tecnologia Espacial (ETE) BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL: Dr. Gerald Jean Francis Banon - Coordena¸c~ao de Observa¸c~ao da Terra (OBT) Marciana Leite Ribeiro - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao(SID) Jefferson Andrade Ancelmo - Servi¸co de Informa¸c~aoe Documenta¸c~ao (SID) Simone A. Del-Ducca Barbedo - Servi¸code Informa¸c~aoe Documenta¸c~ao (SID) REVISAO~ E NORMALIZA¸CAO~ DOCUMENTARIA:´ Marciana Leite Ribeiro - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao(SID) Maril´ucia Santos Melo Cid - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao (SID) Yolanda Ribeiro da Silva Souza - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao (SID) EDITORA¸CAO~ ELETRONICA:^ Viveca Sant´Ana Lemos - Servi¸code Informa¸c~ao e Documenta¸c~ao(SID) INPE-15955-TDI/1532 A STUDY OF SHOCK WAVE FRONT AND MAGNETIC CLOUD EXTENT IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE USING OBSERVATIONS FROM MULTI-SPACECRAFTS Aline de Lucas Tese de Doutorado do Curso de P´os-Gradua¸c~ao em Geof´ısica Espacial, orientada pelos Drs. Alisson Dal Lago e Al´ıcia Luisa Cl´ua de Gonzales Alarcon, aprovada em 15 de maio de 2009. Registro do documento original: <http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/04.14.23.59> INPE S~aoJos´edos Campos 2009 Dados Internacionais de Cataloga¸c~aona Publica¸c~ao(CIP) Lucas, Aline de. L962s A study of shock wave front and magnetic cloud extent in the inner heliosphere using observations from multi-spacecrafts / Aline de Lucas. { S~aoJos´edos Campos : INPE, 2009. 310p. ; (INPE-15955-TDI/1532) Tese (Doutorado em Geof´ısica Espacial) { Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, S~aoJos´edos Campos, 2009. Orientadores : Drs. Alisson Dal Lago e Al´ıcia Luisa Cl´uade Gonzales Alarcon. 1. Shock waves. 2. Interplanetary coronal mass ejections. 3. Magnetic clouds. 4. Helios misson. 5. Longitudinal extention. I.T´ıtulo. CDU 523.62 Copyright c 2009 do MCT/INPE. Nenhuma parte desta publica¸c~aopode ser reproduzida, arma- zenada em um sistema de recupera¸c~ao,ou transmitida sob qualquer forma ou por qualquer meio, eletr^onico, mec^anico, fotogr´afico, reprogr´afico, de microfilmagem ou outros, sem a permiss~aoes- crita da Editora, com exce¸c~aode qualquer material fornecido especificamente no prop´osito de ser entrado e executado num sistema computacional, para o uso exclusivo do leitor da obra. Copyright c 2009 by MCT/INPE. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, eletronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, microfilming or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use of the reader of the work. “Tˆemcoisas que tem seu valor, Avaliado em quilates, em cifras e fins E outras n˜aotˆemo apre¸co Nem pagam o pre¸co que valem pra mim Tenho uma velha saudade Que levo comigo por ser companheira E que aos olhos dos outros Parecem desgostos por ser t˜aocaseira N˜aodeixo as coisas que eu gosto Perdidas aos olhos de quem procurar Mas olho o mundo na volta Achando outra coisa que eu possa gostar Tenho amigos que o tempo Por ser indel´evel,jamais separou E ao mesmo tempo revejo As marcas de ausˆenciaque ele me deixou... Carrego nas costas meu mundo E junto umas coisas que me fazem bem Fazendo da minha janela Imenso horizonte, como me conv´em Das vozes dos outros eu levo a palavra Dos sonhos dos outros eu tiro a raz˜ao Dos olhos dos outros eu vejo os meus erros Das tantas saudades eu guardo a paix˜ao Sempre que eu quero, revejo meus dias E as coisas que eu posso, eu mudo ou arrumo Mas deixo bem quietas as boas lembran¸cas Vidinha que ´eminha, s´opra o meu consumo...” Gujo Teixeira/Luiz Marenco em “Pro meu Consumo” To my parents Élio and Reni and my sisters Andréa and Luísa for the constant presence in all moments of this journey ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank God for my life, my family, everything and everyone who shared something with me or supported me during this hard time, but a very fruitful period of new experiences. For staying with me, even during the several times I ignored His presence in my life - times when I did not want to admit I needed Him, because I could not understand the reasons why things had an end like they did. Times when I felt I needed to believe in something - just believe in something - to be able to follow my way. Second, I am extremely grateful to my family for their love, attention, and patience in all moments, faith, inspiration, power, example of life, everything that contributed a lot or a little in my personality, in my way of seeing the world and living in it. They were also responsible for my persistence especially during the hardest times of my life, when the personal losses seemed to be so hard that one could not stand to the sorrow. They were my support during all this sorrow and believed in me even though I did not do the same. I thought I could not go longer than I had reached. Not only have my parents and sisters contributed to all this work with their support and patience, but all my family, including grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles, great- aunts and uncles, and those more than third degree relatives with their prayers, cheers, and positive thoughts. How could I forget you, granny? The moments were so many and intense that is impossible not remember all of them, each detail of our conversations, the stories and experiences of your life, and so many other things that remind me of the wonderful and precious person you were. Your personality and determination contributed a lot to what I became as an individual. I am extremely grateful to you because I feel that you have “followed my steps” in this long journey. A very special thanks goes out to my supervisors during my internship in Ger- many, Profs. Drs. Rainer Schwenn - who is so humble that he prefers to be called just Rainer - and Eckart Marsch. I am really grateful to all that I improved in my understanding of the physics and statistics behind the data I was analyzing. I thank especially Rainer for everything I learned about being a good and exemplary researcher. For sure, I learned a lot from his humbleness, simplicity, honesty, and utmost competence. To my official supervisors Drs. Alisson Dal Lago and Al´ıcia L. Cl´ua de Gonzalez, and to my non-official - but very considerate - supervisor Dr. Walter Gonzalez for all their support and understanding during the four years of difficulty. I would like to express my gratitude to them for the times of discussion of the results, for the moments that we stopped in front of the results without knowing what to do afterwards - these were times of patience and reflection. For the moments of difficulty, desperation, lack of faith, hard times that helped to enrich the experience. To those old and more experienced friends and colleagues, Ezequiel, Lu´ıs Eduardo, Jean and Fernando whose help contributed a lot to the content of this thesis with new ideas how to analyze and treat the data. For the ideas that made me think again about the techniques and ways I was handling my dataset. To my friend and sister - not the blood one, but a friend who shares similar feelings, who sees the world in a comparable way like I do, a friend who can understand me even though I cannot find words to explain how I feel, or why I act in such way sometimes - Amita, who has supported me during this period of four years even when I was in the “other side of the world”. How many times I have not understood the way of using the tools to reach the final results I expected. She with her patience was always giving me hints for use of the correct commands in MatLab. I do appreciate her vast knowledge in solving problems by the shortest way.