Modelling exercise with Calpuff. Real case studies. Activity 4. Tools for response management Action 4.2. Airborne Pollution Propagation from water incidents ARCOPOL The Atlantic Regions’ Coastal Pollution Response Version: 1.0 Last updated on: 30/12/201 1 Author: Patricia Simal Campos, Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri, Breogán Gómez Hombre Responsible partner: MeteoGalicia. Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Territorio e Infraestructuras. Involved partners: CETMAR, MeteoGalicia- Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Territorio e Infraestructuras, INTECMAR, IST, CIIMAR, Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Irish Marine Institute, C.R. de Bretagne, C.R. d’Aquitaine Table of contents Page 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 7 2. The CALPUFF Modelling System .......................................................................... 7 3. Model Selection ...................................................................................................... 9 4. Emergency episodes ........................................................................................... 10 4.1. Kerosene spill in O Burgo estuary - A Coruña (September 2nd 2011) ....... 10 4.1.1. Description of the emergency ............................................................... 10 4.1.2. Meteorological conditions ..................................................................... 12 4.1.3. Surface weather station near the incident ............................................ 14 4.1.4. Air quality monitoring station near the incident ..................................... 15 4.2. Fire in frozen fish factory -Vigo (September 26th 2011) ........................... 16 4.2.1. Description of the emergency ............................................................... 16 4.2.2. Meteorological conditions ..................................................................... 17 4.2.3. Surface weather station near the incident ............................................ 19 4.2.4. Air quality monitoring station near the incident ..................................... 20 4.3. Wildfire in Poio - Pontevedra (October 15th 2011) .................................... 20 4.3.1. Description of the emergency ............................................................... 20 4.3.2. Meteorological conditions ..................................................................... 21 4.3.3. Surface weather station near the incident ............................................ 23 4.3.4. Air quality monitoring station near the incident ..................................... 24 5. WRF atmospheric modeling system ................................................................... 24 6. CALMET Modelling ............................................................................................... 27 6.1. Model Description .................................................................................... 27 6.2. Geophysical Input Data ........................................................................... 30 6.2.1. Terrain Data ......................................................................................... 31 6.2.2. Land Use Data ..................................................................................... 31 6.3. Meteorological input data ......................................................................... 32 6.4. CALMET Parameter Settings ................................................................... 35 6.5. WRF and CALMET Output Analysis ........................................................ 38 6.5.1. Winds near the emergency locations ................................................... 38 6.5.2. Wind Vector Diagrams ......................................................................... 43 6.5.3. Mixing Heights at the emergency location ............................................ 47 6.5.4. Stability at the emergency location ....................................................... 51 7. CALPUFF Modelling ............................................................................................. 59 7.1. Model Description and Options ................................................................ 59 7.2. Model Initialization ................................................................................... 63 7.2.1. Dispersion model options ..................................................................... 63 7.2.2. Emissions and Source Characteristics ................................................. 65 8. Ground Level Concentration Predictions: RESULTS ........................................ 66 8.1. Ambient Standards .................................................................................. 66 8.2. Concentrations predicted for kerosene spill incident ................................ 67 8.3. Concentrations predicted for fire in frozen fish factory (Vigo) ................... 69 8.4. Concentrations predicted for forest fire in Poio (Pontevedra) ................... 71 9. Integration of results in Arcopol web tool .......................................................... 73 10. Limitations and Uncertainty ................................................................... 74 11. References ............................................................................................... 76 2 List of Figures Page Figure 1.- Overview of the program elements in the CALPUFF modeling system ....................... 9 Figure 2.- Two 3D terrain elevation images of the Galician coast. Source: Nasa Shuttle Radar Topography Mission .......................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3.- Emergency personnel deploying counter-pollution measures .................................... 11 Figure 4.- O Burgo estuary bridge with counter-pollution barriers .............................................. 11 Figure 5.- Location of Kerosene spill at O Burgo estuary ........................................................... 12 Figure 6.- Synoptic situation obtained from GFS model for September 2nd, 2011 ...................... 12 Figure 7.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (6UTC and 12UTC) ............. 13 Figure 8.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (18UTC and 00UTC) ........... 13 Figure 9.- Beaufort Wind scale .................................................................................................... 14 Figure 10.-Location of A Coruña –Dique met. station in relation to kerosene spill ..................... 15 Figure 11.- Pollutant plume from fire in frozen fish factory (Vigo) ............................................... 16 Figure 12.- Fire services in the facilities of “Frigoríficos Berbés” ................................................ 17 Figure 13.- Location of Fire in frozen fish factory (Vigo) ............................................................. 17 Figure 14.- Synoptic situation obtained from GFS model for September 26th , 2011 ................. 18 Figure 15.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (6UTC and 12UTC) ........... 18 Figure 16.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (18UTC and 00UTC) ......... 18 Figure 17.-Location of Vigo – Illas Marinas met. station in relation to fire in frozen fish factory . 19 Figure 18.- The cloud of smoke caused by forest fire clearly perceived from different points of the Pontevedra area. ......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 19.- Location of the forest fire (surroundings of Pontevedra). ......................................... 21 Figure 20.- Synoptic situation obtained from GFS model for October 15th , 2011 ...................... 22 Figure 21.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (1UTC and 6UTC) ............. 22 Figure 22.- Wind speed and direction forecasted from WRF model (12UTC and 18UTC) ......... 22 Figure 23.-Location of Mount Castrove met. station in relation to forest fire in Poio (Pontevedra) .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 24.- Operational WRF domains at MeteoGalicia (d01@36km, d02@12km, d03@4km) 25 Figure 25.- WRF Domain 3 along with the CALMET domains 1 (O Burgo- A Coruña), 2 (Wildfire Pontevedra), 3 (Vigo-Berbés) ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 26.- Flow Diagram of Diagnostic Wind Module in CALMET. ........................................... 28 Figure 27.- Flowchart of meteorological modeling for Calmet .................................................... 32 Figure 28.- Gridded receptors from WRF model with Calmet domain (Kerosene spill in O Burgo estuary – A Coruña, September 2nd 2011) ........................................................................ 33 Figure 29.- Gridded receptors from WRF model with Calmet domain (Fire in frozen fish factory – Vigo, September 26th 2011) .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 30.- Gridded receptors from WRF model with Calmet domain (Wildfire in Poio- Pontevedra, October 15th 2011) ........................................................................................ 34 Figure 31.- CALMET and CALPUFF Modelling Domain (Kerosene spill in O Burgo estuary – A Coruña, September 2nd 2011) ........................................................................................... 37 Figure 32.- CALMET