AT VÆRE ELLER IKKE AT VÆRE SÆLGER OM AT FINDE MENING I ROLLEN SOM SÆLGER AF HUS FORBI PERNILLE MÄRCHER DALGAS & ULLA MORTENSEN AALBORG UNIVERSITET - KØBENHAVN Titelblad At være eller ikke at være sælger - Om at finde mening i rollen som sælger af Hus Forbi Pernille Märcher Dalgas Ulla Mortensen Kandidatspeciale ved Læring og forandringsprocesser Institut for Læring og Filosofi Aalborg Universitet, København August 2015 Vejleder: Ulla Højmark Jensen Forsideillustration: Morten Hemmingsen Sørup Anslag med mellemrum: 289.654 Indhold Forord ................................................................................................................................................... 5 English summary ................................................................................................................................ 6 Indledning og problemfelt .................................................................................................................... 8 Problemformulering ....................................................................................................................... 10 Arbejdsspørgsmål ........................................................................................................................... 10 Præcisering og afgrænsning ........................................................................................................... 10 Læsevejledning .................................................................................................................................. 12 Introduktion til et forskningsfelt ........................................................................................................ 13 Søgeprocesser ................................................................................................................................. 13 Forskning om Hus Forbi................................................................................................................. 14 Udenlandske hjemløseaviser .......................................................................................................... 15 Læreprocesser ............................................................................................................................. 16 Opsamling ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Videnskabsteoretisk tilgang ............................................................................................................... 19 Socialkonstruktivismen .................................................................................................................. 19 Fænomenologi ................................................................................................................................ 21 Hermeneutikken ............................................................................................................................. 22 Specialets validitet og generaliserbarhed .................................................................................... 23 Hvad kommer vi selv med? ........................................................................................................ 24 Metode ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Dokumentanalyse ........................................................................................................................... 26 Hvad er en dokumentanalyse? .................................................................................................... 26 Bagsideartiklen som dokument ................................................................................................... 27 Interview ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Vidensdannelse i det kvalitative forskningsinterview ................................................................ 29 1 Interviewet som en professionel samtale .................................................................................... 30 Det semistrukturerede interview ................................................................................................. 32 Udformning af interviewguide ................................................................................................... 34 Metodiske refleksioner ................................................................................................................... 35 Teoretisk forståelsesramme ................................................................................................................ 37 Pierre Bourdieu............................................................................................................................... 37 Felt og doxa ................................................................................................................................ 39 Habitus ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Kapital ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Symbolsk vold ............................................................................................................................ 41 Goffman.......................................................................................................................................... 42 Hverdagsdramatisering ............................................................................................................... 43 Indtryksstyring ............................................................................................................................ 44 Idealisering ................................................................................................................................. 45 Forscene og bagscene ................................................................................................................. 46 Stigmatisering ............................................................................................................................. 47 Specialets makro- og mesoniveau ...................................................................................................... 49 Årsager til hjemløshed ................................................................................................................ 49 Samfundets syn på den hjemløse ................................................................................................ 51 Marginalisering ........................................................................................................................... 52 Hvad er et socialt problem? ........................................................................................................ 53 Hus Forbi ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Hus Forbis målgruppe .................................................................................................................... 54 Foreningens formål......................................................................................................................... 55 De hjemløses talerør ................................................................................................................... 56 Mødet mellem kunde og sælger .................................................................................................. 56 2 Empiri: dokumentanalyse .................................................................................................................. 58 Max Webers idealtype .................................................................................................................... 58 Konstruktionen af en type .............................................................................................................. 59 Kulturel kapital ........................................................................................................................... 60 Social kapital .............................................................................................................................. 62 Fordeling ........................................................................................................................................ 64 De fire sælgertyper ......................................................................................................................... 66 Den rastløse ................................................................................................................................ 66 Den knækkede ............................................................................................................................ 67 Den utilpassede ........................................................................................................................... 67 Den særegne ................................................................................................................................ 67 Opsamling og delkonklusion .......................................................................................................... 68 Empiri: interview ..............................................................................................................................