関西大学経済・政治研究所ワーキングペーパーシリーズ KU IEPS Working Paper Series No.2018-1Ｅ The possibility of marathons that encourage local development -The case of the Isumi Health Marathon in Chiba Prefecture- Akemi MASUDA, Katsuyuki KAMEI, Atsuo SUGIMOTO, Tetsuo NISHIYAMA Kaori YOSHIDA Working Paper Series IEPS KANSAI UNIVERSITY 関西大学 経済・政治研究所 3-3-35, Suita-shi, Osaka, 564-8680, JAPAN 1 KU IEPS Working Paper Series No.2018-1E (or -1E)（*数字は通し番号 J は日本語、E は英 語） タイトル 市民マラソン 地域社会 地域振興型マラソン いすみ健康マラソン 英文タイトル The possibility of marathons that encourage local development -The case of the Isumi Health Marathon in Chiba Prefecture- 要旨 市民マラソンは、2007 年 2 月に第 1 回東京マラソンが開催されたのをきっかけにブームとなり，東京マラソン初開催 以降の 10 年間でフルマラソン完走者数は 10 万 3,590 人（2006 年度）から 35 万 4,072 人（2015 年年度）へと 3 倍 増となった。近年，全国的に都市型マラソン大会の新規開催や既存大会のリニューアルが増加すると共に，地方都 市において地域振興型マラソン大会の開催も盛んになっている。市民マラソンがいかにスポーツ文化を変革したの か。本稿では，地域振興型マラソン大会の一つである千葉県のいすみ健康マラソン・増田明美杯といういわゆる田 舎（田園地帯）で開催される大会に着目し，その組織体制，運営，おもてなしの努力，経済効果，安全管理につい て分析することによって，地域社会におけるスポーツや健康づくりのあり方を提言する。 キーワード 市民マラソン 地域社会 地域振興型マラソン いすみ健康マラソン 英文要旨 Citizen marathons became popular in Japan after an outpour of racers took part in the Tokyo Marathon, established on February 2007. Comparing the total number of full-marathon finishers across a span of ten years, beginning on the first Tokyo Marathon, 103,590 finishers in the 2006 fiscal year and increased by three to 354,072 finishers in the 2015 fiscal year. Since the first Tokyo Marathon was held, urban-type marathons have been established one after and another, nationwide, and existing marathons have been renewed. At the same time, we have seen the establishment of rural-type marathons encouraging local development. Then what have these citizen marathons brought to our society? In order to illustrate the answer to this question, we focus on “Isumi Health Marathon in this paper. This marathon is a rural-type marathon which is held in the middle of rice fields. We analyze how Isumi Health Marathon has developed these ten years since its foundation in terms of organization, management, hospitality, effect to the local economy and safety management. 英文キーワード Citizen Marathon, Community, Marathon encouraging local development, Isumi Health Marathon 2 連絡先 関西大学経済・政治研究所 スポーツ・健康と地域社会研究班主幹 社会安全学部 教授 氏 名 亀井 克之 （E-mail： [email protected]） 関西大学 経済・政治研究所 3 The possibility of marathons that encourage local development -The case of the Isumi Health Marathon in Chiba Prefecture- Akemi MASUDA, Katsuyuki KAMEI, Atsuo SUGIMOTO, Tetsuo NISHIYAMA Kaori YOSHIDA キーワード: 市民マラソン 地域社会 地域振興型マラソン いすみ健康マラソン Keyword: Citizen Marathon, Community, Marathon encouraging local development, Isumi Health Marathon 要旨 市民マラソンは、2007 年 2 月に第 1 回東京マラソンが開催されたのをきっかけにブームと なり，東京マラソン初開催以降の 10 年間でフルマラソン完走者数は 10 万 3,590 人（2006 年度）から 35 万 4,072 人（2015 年年度）へと 3 倍増となった。近年，全国的に都市型マ ラソン大会の新規開催や既存大会のリニューアルが増加すると共に，地方都市において地 域振興型マラソン大会の開催も盛んになっている。市民マラソンがいかにスポーツ文化を 変革したのか。本稿では，地域振興型マラソン大会の一つである千葉県のいすみ健康マラ ソン・増田明美杯といういわゆる田舎（田園地帯）で開催される大会に着目し，その組織 体制，運営，おもてなしの努力，経済効果，安全管理について分析することによって，地 域社会におけるスポーツや健康づくりのあり方を提言する。 Abstract Citizen marathons became popular in Japan after an outpour of racers took part in the Tokyo Marathon, established on February 2007. Comparing the total number of full-marathon finishers across a span of ten years, beginning on the first Tokyo Marathon, 103,590 finishers in the 2006 fiscal year and increased by three to 354,072 finishers in the 2015 fiscal year. Since the first Tokyo Marathon was held, urban-type marathons have been established one after and another, nationwide, and existing marathons have been renewed. At the same time, we have seen the establishment of rural-type marathons encouraging local development. Then what have these citizen marathons brought to our society? In order to illustrate the answer to this question, we focus on “Isumi Health Marathon in this paper. This marathon is a rural-type marathon which is held in the middle of rice fields. We analyze how Isumi Health Marathon has developed these ten years since its foundation in terms of organization, management, hospitality, effect to the local economy and safety management. 4 Introduction - How citizen’s marathon has changed sports culture.- The theme of this paper is citizen marathons. Citizen marathons became popular after an outpour of racers took part in the Tokyo Marathon, established on February 18, 2007; finishers: 25,102, finishing rate: 96.3%. Comparing the total number of full-marathon finishers across a span of ten years, beginning on the first Tokyo Marathon, 103,590 finishers in the 2006 fiscal year and increased by three to 354,072 finishers in the 2015 fiscal year. Male finishers increased from 85,981 to 280,461, which was shown in “the Marathon Ranking of all Japan” by the R-bies sports foundation. Female finishers increased from 17,609 to 73,611. Since the first Tokyo Marathon was held, urban-type full marathons have been established one after and another, nationwide, and existing marathons have been renewed. The Nara Marathon was established in 2010, the Osaka Marathon in 2011, the Kobe Marathon in 2011 and the Kyoto Marathon in 2012 in the Kansai region. As a result, marathon races have become popular and citizen marathons came to be shown on television, which used to broadcast only marathons for athletes, and competition rules such as course time limit were loosened. We will examine what these citizen marathons have brought to our society. 1. Rural type marathon, Isumi Health Marathon “Akemi Masuda Cup” This is a paper regarding the case of the “Isumi Health Marathon,” which is held in the hometown of Akemi Masuda, Isumi City in Chiba Prefecture, with the cooperation of Isumi City and local producers there. The first Isumi Marathon began in 2008, and this year we enjoyed the ninth session. Formerly, I had been supported as a runner, but it was an opportunity for me to manage the marathon as a supporter. Another aim of this marathon was to cheer up the city, which was faced with aging and depopulation. Presently, more and more city marathons are being held throughout the country. The marathon mentioned here is “the rural type marathon” which is held in the middle of rice fields. First, the characteristics of the region will be mentioned. Isumi City is located in the southern part of Chiba Prefecture, the Eastern part of the Boso Peninsula, and the southern end of Kujukuri Beach. The city is located along the Pacific Ocean. Being situated near Tokyo, Chiba tends to be considered an urban area, but the urban part of Chiba is only the Uchibo area facing Tokyo Bay. Although it is an international area with Tokyo Disney Land and Narita Airport, Isumi City’s main industries are farming 5 and the fishing. Because of its accessibility, it takes only 70 minutes by express trains from Tokyo Station. This is the reason why the Isumi Health Marathon uses a catch phrase such as “a familiar countryside.” The city has an aging problem, with a population of about 40,000, about 30% of which are over 65 years old. Moreover, when Isumi City was introduced on TV as the most preferable place to move to, it obtained a reputation by the catch phrase “a life in the countryside with only less than 100,000 yen.” The course of the Isumi Health Marathon runs through rice field areas while cutting across satoyama (rural natural area). “Let’s run on the country road in the vicinity－Isumi Health Marathon, Masuda Akemi Cup ” 6 “Isumin”, mascot character of the city Welcome by the stationmaster 7 2. Task of citizen’s marathon Today, people enjoy more and more new marathons. For example, after the Hokuriku Shinkansen launched, the “Toyama Marathon” started in the 1st week of November, and the “Kanazawa Marathon” in the 3rd week. In the 2nd week, the “Okayama Marathon” also was launched. While a number of marathons were launched, there are several tasks in the process. The following three are the primary problems. Traffic regulations…national roads, railroad crossings, commercial facilities Budget … burdens on municipalities Management … recruitment of staff resources Table 1 : Tasks of Citizen’s Marathon Status of utilization regarding the JR Sotobo line Table 2: Record of those who got off trains at Chojamachi Station the 1st The 2nd the 3rd the 4th the 5th the 6th The 7th the 8th marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon Number of those getting off inbound 229 93 121 52 47 48 35 37 trains at Chojamachi Number of those getting off outbound 667 1,416 993 1,082 1,126 1,243 1,341 1,270 trains at Chojamachi Number of those getting off trains at 896 1,509 1,114 1,134 1,173 1,291 1,376 1,307 Chojamachi (Number of those who used express (280) (611) (253) (263) (403) (436) (530) (510) trains) (Number of those who used local (616) (898) (861) (871) (770) (855) (846) (797) trains) 8 Table 3: Record of those who got on trains at Chojamachi Station the 1st The 2nd the 3rd the 4th the 5th the 6th The 7th the 8th marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon marathon Number of those getting off inbound 490 1,074 979 987 1,135 1,248 1,317 1,176 trains at Chojamachi Number of those getting off outbound 277 117 126 73 60 71 59 94 trains at Chojamachi Number of those getting off trains at 767 1,191 1,105 1,060 1,195 1,319 1,376 1,270 Chojamachi (Number of those who used express (107) (328) (290) (337) (428) (544) (521) (470) trains) (Number of those who used local (660) (863) (815) (723) (767) (775) (855) (800) trains) First of all, there is a problem regarding traffic regulations. While it is necessary to obtain permission by the police when we use the public roads, there were many regulations in Isumi City, such as “do not cross the national roads” and “do not pass the railroad crossings”.