Buckwheat Germplasm in the World This page intentionally left blank Buckwheat Germplasm in the World Edited by Meiliang Zhou Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Ivan Kreft Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Galina Suvorova All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops, Orel, Russia Yu Tang Department of Tourism, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, China Sun Hee Woo College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom Copyright r 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-811006-5 For Information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Andre G. Wolff Acquisition Editor: Nancy Maragioglio Editorial Project Manager: Billie Jean Fernandez Production Project Manager: Punithavathy Govindaradjane Cover Designer: Miles Hitchen Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India Contents List of Contributors....................................................................................... xv Foreword by Prof. Ohnishi..........................................................................xix Foreword by Prof. Fan.................................................................................xxi Foreword by Prof. Park.............................................................................xxiii Preface........................................................................................................... xxv 1 Overview of Buckwheat Resources in the World............................ 1 Meiliang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ruan, Ivan Kreft, Yixiong Tang, and Yanmin Wu The Origin and Diffuseness of Cultivated Buckwheat .............................. 2 Germplasm Resources of Buckwheat in the World................................... 3 The Current Buckwheat Germplasm Research.......................................... 4 Characterization and Evaluation ................................................................ 4 The Research About the Relationship of Fagopyrum Mill ....................... 5 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... 6 References................................................................................................... 6 Further Reading .......................................................................................... 7 2 Classification and Nomenclature of Buckwheat Plants .................. 9 Meiliang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ruan, Yixiong Tang, and Yanmin Wu Taxonomic Position of Fagopyrum............................................................ 9 The Species of Fagopyrum....................................................................... 10 Morphology Key to Species of Fagopyrum............................................. 12 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 19 References................................................................................................. 19 Further Reading ........................................................................................ 20 3 Distribution of Cultivated Buckwheat Resources in the World....................................................................................... 21 Galina Suvorova and Meiliang Zhou Introduction............................................................................................... 21 Fagopyrum esculentum Genetic Resources ........................................ 22 Fagopyrum tataricum Genetic Resourcers ......................................... 28 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 30 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 31 References................................................................................................. 31 Further Reading ........................................................................................ 35 v vi Contents 4 Chromosomes and Chromosome Studies in Buckwheat .............. 37 Alexander Betekhtin, Agnieszka Rybicka, Joanna Wolna, and Robert Hasterok Introduction............................................................................................... 37 Somatic Chromosomes in Buckwheat...................................................... 38 Meiotic Chromosomes in Buckwheat ...................................................... 42 References................................................................................................. 42 5 Description of Cultivated Tartary Buckwheat .............................. 45 Meiliang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ruan, Mengqi Ding, Jirong Shao, Yixiong Tang, and Yanmin Wu The Morphological Descriptions of Fagopyrum tataricum (L) Gaertn........................................................................................................ 45 The Profile of Fagopyrum tataricum Cultivation.................................... 47 The Collection and Preservation of Fagopyrum tataricum Germplasm Resources .............................................................................. 47 The Characterization and Evaluation of Fagopyrum tataricum Resources .................................................................................................. 48 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 52 References................................................................................................. 52 6 Description of Cultivated Common Buckwheat ............................ 53 Meiliang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ruan, Mengqi Ding, Jirong Shao, Yixiong Tang, and Yanmin Wu Accepted Botanical Names and Synonyms of the Cultivated Species.... 53 The Botanical Description........................................................................ 54 The Cultivation Profile of Common Buckwheat ..................................... 55 The Collection and Preservation of Common Buckwheat Germplasm Resources .............................................................................. 56 The Characterization and Evaluation of Common Buckwheat Resources .................................................................................................. 56 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 59 References................................................................................................. 59 7 Perennial Self-Incompatible Wild Fagopyrum Species................. 61 Meiliang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ruan, Mengqi Ding, Jirong Shao, Yixiong Tang, and Yanmin Wu Fagopyrum cymosum................................................................................ 61 The Botanical Description................................................................... 61 Distribution .......................................................................................... 62 The Habitat and Growth Habit............................................................ 63 Fagopyrum urophyllum ............................................................................ 64 The Botanical Description................................................................... 64 Distribution .........................................................................................