Republic of Kenya Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN FORESTRY OPERATIONS AND FOREST PRODUCT PROCESSING IN KENYA: A VIABLE REDD+ POLICY AND MEASURE www.un-redd.org Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme 2017 Reproduction This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UN Environment would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatso ever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what soever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. This publication has been made possible with funding from the UN-REDD Programme and with support from UNDP and FAO. The report should be referenced as follows: UN Environment (2017) Improving efficiency in forestry operations and forest product processing in Kenya: A viable REDD+ policy and measure? Acknowledgement Jackson Bambo, Hugo Douglas Dufresne, Miharu Furukawa, Gideon Gathaara, Bernard Gitau, Dr. Githiomi, Noor Hassan, John Kapolon, Karega, Elsen Karstad, John Kihara, Philip Kisoyan, Obed Koringo, John Koskei, Joshua Laichena, George Makatelo, Joseph Mbagara, Francis Ngigi Mbogo, Jonathan Mitei, Edward Mungai, Julius Muchemi, Emilio Mugo, Friday Mugo, Grace Mukasa, Samuel Mureithi, George Muthike, Charles Peter Mwangi, Dr. Mary Nganga, John Njuguna, Nelly Oduor, Walter Ogada, George Oselu, Surest Patel, Kamau Waithaka, Phyliss Wakiaga, Wamae, Kishiki Diana Wavua, Simiyu Wekesa, Elizabeth Eggerts. Authors Jérôme Maurice (SalvaTerra), Maden Le Crom (SalvaTerra), Olivier Bouyer (SalvaTerra), Fabio Pesce (ForTeA), Paolo Cielo (ForTeA), Michael Gachanja (Consultant), Lyndall Bull (Lynea Advisory). Edited by: Ivo Mulder, Thais Narciso and Jaime Webbe (UN Environment). Project coordination Alfred Gichu (Kenya Forest Service), Rose Akombo (Kenya Forest Service), Thais Narciso (UN Environment) and Ivo Mulder (UN Environment). Republic of Kenya Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN FORESTRY OPERATIONS AND FOREST PRODUCT PROCESSING IN KENYA: A VIABLE REDD+ POLICY AND MEASURE CONTENTS Summary for policymakers .................................................................................................................................................1 Assumptions and methodology ........................................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................8 2. Scope and definitions ..............................................................................................................................................9 2.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................................................................................9 2.2 The definition of forest ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Range of wood products produced in Kenya................................................................................................................ 11 2.4 Forest classification by ecological type in Kenya ........................................................................................................12 2.5 Socio-economic aspects ....................................................................................................................................................13 3. Opportunities for efficiency improvements and carbon benefits .....................................................................15 3.1 Commercial forestry operations ......................................................................................................................................15 3.1.1 Natural forests .........................................................................................................................................................15 3.1.2 Plantations (public and private) .........................................................................................................................15 3.1.3 Opportunities for biomass savings in commercial forestry operations ................................................. 18 3.1.4 Measures for improving efficiency in harvesting operations and potential outcomes .................... 20 3.1.5 Analysing carbon benefits ..................................................................................................................................22 3.1.6 Efficiency improvement .......................................................................................................................................23 3.1.7 Job creation, health and safety ..........................................................................................................................23 3.2 Timber processing industry ..............................................................................................................................................23 3.2.1 Available technologies and measures to increase efficiency in timber processing ...........................26 3.2.2 Estimated potential outcomes from the improved alternative scenario .............................................. 28 3.2.3 Analysing carbon benefits ..................................................................................................................................29 3.2.4 Efficiency improvement .......................................................................................................................................29 3.2.5 Job creation, health and safety ..........................................................................................................................29 3.3 Charcoal production ...........................................................................................................................................................29 3.3.1 Regulatory and legislative aspects .................................................................................................................. 30 3.3.2 Current efficiency rates .........................................................................................................................................31 3.3.3 Available efficient technologies ..........................................................................................................................31 3.3.4 Proposed improvement measures ....................................................................................................................35 3.3.5 Analysing carbon benefits ..................................................................................................................................35 3.3.6 Efficiency improvement .......................................................................................................................................38 3.3.7 Job creation, health and safety ..........................................................................................................................38 3.4 Firewood and charcoal consumption at household level ........................................................................................38 3.4.1 Regulatory and legislative aspects ...................................................................................................................38 3.4.2 Current efficiency rates ........................................................................................................................................39 3.4.3 Available efficient technologies .........................................................................................................................39 3.4.4 Proposed improvement measures .................................................................................................................... 41 3.4.5 Analysing carbon benefits ................................................................................................................................. 42 3.4.6 Efficiency improvement ......................................................................................................................................44 3.4.7 Job creation, health and safety .........................................................................................................................44 3.5 Wood consumption by the industrial sector ..............................................................................................................44 3.5.1 Proposed improvement measures ..................................................................................................................