<p>Thoracic Cage and Thoracic Inlet </p><p>Professor Dr. Mario Edgar Fernández. </p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Parts of the body </li><li style="flex:1">The Thorax </li></ul><p></p><p>Is the part of the trunk betwen the neck and abdomen. Commonly the term chest is used as a </p><p>synonym for thorax, but it is incorrect. </p><p>Consisting of&nbsp;the thoracic cavity, its contents, and the wall that surrounds it. </p><p>The thoracic cavity is divided into 3 compartments: </p><p> The central mediastinus.  And the right and left pulmonary cavities. </p><p>Thoracic Cage </p><p>The thoracic skeleton forms the </p><p>osteocartilaginous </p><p>thoracic cage. </p><p>Anterior view. </p><p>Thoracic Cage </p><p>Posterior view. </p><p>Summary: </p><p>1. Bones of thoracic cage: (thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum). </p><p>2. Joints of thoracic cage: (intervertebral joints, </p><p>costovertebral joints, and sternocostal joints) <br>3. Movements of thoracic wall. </p><p>4. Thoracic cage. Thoracic apertures: (superior thoracic </p><p>aperture or thoracic inlet, and inferior thoracic aperture). </p><p>Goals of the classes </p><p> Identify and describe the bones of the thoracic cage. </p><p> Identify and describe the joints of thoracic cage. </p><p> Describe de thoracic cage. </p><p> Describe the thoracic inlet and identify the structures </p><p>passing through. </p><p>Vertebral Column or Spine </p><p> 7 cervical.  12 thoracic. </p><p> 5 lumbar.  5 sacral </p><p> 3-4 coccygeal </p><p>Vertebrae </p><p>That bones are irregular, 33 in number, and received the names acording to the position which they occupy. </p><p>The vertebrae in the upper 3 regions of spine are </p><p>separate throughout the whole of life, but in sacral </p><p>anda coccygeal regions are in the adult firmly united in </p><p>2 differents bones: sacrum and coccyx. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>Each vertebrae consist of <br>2 essential parts: </p><p> An anterior solid </p><p>segment: vertebral body. </p><p> The arch is posterior an formed of 2 pedicles, 2 </p><p>laminae supporting 7 </p><p>processes, and </p><p>surrounding a vertebral foramen. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>The body is the largest part of the vertebra. Above and </p><p>bellow, it is flattened. Its </p><p>upper and lower surface are </p><p>rough, for the attachment of </p><p>the intervertebral fibrocartilages. In front , it is </p><p>convex from side to side, </p><p>concave from above </p><p>downwards. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>The thoracic vertebrae may bee at once </p><p>recognised by the </p><p>presence on the sides of </p><p>the body of 1 or more </p><p>half-facets for the heads of the ribs. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>The pedicles are 2 short, thick pieces of bone, which </p><p>projet backwards. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>The concavities above and below the pedicles </p><p>are the intervertebral </p><p>notches, they are 4 in </p><p>number, 2 on each side. </p><p>The inferior ones being generally the deeper. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>When the vertebrae are articulated, the&nbsp;notches </p><p>of each contigous pair of </p><p>bones form the </p><p>intervertebral foramina, </p><p>which communicate with the spinal canal and </p><p>transmit the spinal </p><p>nerves and blood- </p><p>vessels. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p> The laminae are 2 broad plates of bone which </p><p>complete the neural arch </p><p>by fusing together in the </p><p>middle line behind. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p> The laminae enclose a foramen, the vertebral or </p><p>spinal foramen, which </p><p>serves for the protection </p><p>of the spinal cord, and </p><p>are connected to the body by means of the </p><p>pedicles. </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p>The spinous process projects backwards from </p><p>the junction of the 2 </p><p>laminae, and serve s for </p><p>attachment of muscles </p><p>and ligaments, </p><p>Thoracic vertebrae </p><p> The spinous processes are long, triangular on </p><p>transverse section, </p><p>directed obliquely </p><p>downwards, and </p><p>terminate in a tubercular extremity. </p>