Vol. 20, No.3 nternatlona• July 1996 etln• The Big Picture: Mission Bibliography n the world of scholarship, there's nothing like a good lost. He reports that the archives of more than a dozen Christian I bibliography to give the big picture. In our July 1994 is­ colleges in China are intact and well preserved. His on-site sue Charles Forman noted almost 150 titles in his bibliographic researchhasconfirmed the existenceof thousands of volumes of essay on Pacific Island Christianity. Appreciative readers urged primary resources that will keep scholars occupied for much of us to commission similar articles on other regions of the world. the next century. The more the academy digs into the records of In October 1994 Dana Robert used a bibliographic approach to China missions and the impactof the ChristianGospel, the more show that serious scholarship on Christian mission has been we can hope for the creation of a "big picture" that is realistic, turning from jaundiced criticism to a more balanced and appre­ stimulating, and balanced. ciative view. In the present issue we feature another bibliographic es­ say-covering nearly two hundred titles published within the last twenty-five years-on the Christian mission in China. We On Page are immediately intrigued by three book titles that appear early 98 Chinese Christianity and China Missions: in the essay: Starting from Zero, an account of Jesuit mission in Works Published since 1970 Taiwan, based on local archives and interviews with one hun­ Jessie G. Lutz dredJesuits; SavingChina, an evaluation of the work of Canadian missionaries; and Mission Accomplished? a study of the interplay 100 Noteworthy betweenmissionmethodsand historical contexts, as exemplified 106 Historical Archives in Chinese Christian by the English Presbyterian mission in South China. Colleges from Before 1949 Author Jessie Lutz alerts us to the broad outlines of China-. PeterTze Ming Ng missions history. From John K. Fairbank's analysis of intercul­ 109 Inculturation: A Difficult and Delicate Task tural exchange that took place in the course of Western missions PeterSchineller, S./. to China; to Ralph Covell's thesis that in focusing almost single­ mindedly on the Han Chinese, missions missed unusual oppor­ 112 Pentecostal Phenomena and Revivals in India: tunities among minority peoples; to a unique treatment of Implications for Indigenous Church eighteenth-centuryJesuit mission amongChineseJews; to recent Leadership works on women missionaries in China, particularly highlight­ Gary B. McGee ing their contribution in education, medical ministries, and 118 My Pilgrimage in Mission social work, as well as their impact as role models; to highly DavidM. Stowe focused studies of the Confucian-Christian encounter. Other elements in Lutz's big picture of China missions include the 121 The Legacy of Amy Carmichael impact of China on the West, a factor oftenoverlooked in mission EricJ. Sharpe studies; the somewhat surprising influence of Christianity on 125 The Legacy of Horace Newton Allen Chinese fiction writers; and various attempts to evaluate the WiJo Kang underground churches of the 1950s and 1960s as well as the 129 Book Reviews contemporary house-church movement. Closely related to bibliographic research are archival re­ 142 Dissertation Notices sources. Peter Tze Ming Ng follows Lutz's essay with a descrip­ 144 Book Notes tion of a researcher's treasure trove that many feared had been of issionaryResearch Chinese Christianity and China Missions: Works Published since 1970 Jessie G. Lutz he study of Chinese Christianity and China missions is also includes detail on the "poison scare" of 1871 and the T attracting increasing attention both in China and the Wushishan Incident of 1878. Illustrated in Sidney A. Forsythe, West, with the focus shifting toward Chinese Christians rather An American Missionary Community in China, 1895-1905 (Cam­ than Western missionaries. The following bibliography repre­ bridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1971) is the tendency for Protestant sents a selection from among the many books that have been missionaries to congregate in the treaty ports in insulated West­ published on the topic during the last quarter century. ern enclaves, a practice that is in many ways understandable but An excellent overall survey of China missions during the that has often been sharply criticized. nineteenth century is Paul A. Cohen, "Christian Missions and Earthen Vessels: American Evangelicals and Foreign Missions, Their Impact to 1900," in TheCambridge History of China, vol. 10, 1880-1980, edited by Joel A. Carpenter and Wilbert R. Shenk Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, ed. John K. Fairbank (Cambridge: Cam­ (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990), though not confined to bridge Univ. Press, 1978), pp. 543-90. Still useful also is the China, is a welcome addition to mission literature. Until recently, collection of essays edited by John Fairbank and containing his evangelicals have shown little interest in historical or method­ introductory remarks on the significance of missions in intercul­ ological studies, and it has sometimes been assumed that the era tural relations between China and the West: The Missionary Enterprise inChinaandAmerica(Cambridge: HarvardUniv. Press, 1974). The compilation AmericanMissionsin Bicentennial Perspec­ Covell argues that in tive, edited by R. Pierce Beaver (Pasadena, Calif.: Wm. Carey Library, 1977), is worth consulting as well. A recent collection neglecting China's focusing on the Chinese Christian church and issues of minorities, the missionaries indigenization is Daniel H. Bays, ed., Christianity and China, the Eighteenth Century to the Present: Essays in Religious and Social missed a strategic Change (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1996). opportunity. More specific historical studies of merit are Alvyn ]. Austin, Saving China: Canadian Missionaries in theMiddle Kingdom, 1888­ 1959 (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1986); George Hood, of expanding Protestant missions has passed. Though such may Mission Accomplished? TheEnglish Presbyterian Missionin Lingtung, be true of the mainstream denominations, Earthen Vessels dem­ South China: A Study of theInterplayBetween Mission Methods and onstrates that the same is not true for evangelicals, who today TheirHistorical Context (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang, constitute the great majority of American missionaries. See also 1986);Gerald F. Dejong, TheReformed Church in China,1842-1951 Leonard Bolton, China Call: Miracles Among theLisuPeople (Spring­ (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1992); Herbert Hoi-Lap Ho, field, Mo.: Gospel Publishing House, 1984). Protestant MissionaryPublications in Modern China, 1912-1949: A Eric Widmer, in The Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Peking Study of Their Programs, Operations, and Trends (Hong Kong: During the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, Chinese Church Research Center, 1988); Fernandos Mateos, S.J., 1976), offers information on a mission that has drawn little China Jesuits in East Asia: Starting from Zero, 1949-1957 (Taipei: attention among Western scholars. On the Chinese Jews and n.p., 1995); and T'ien Ju-k'ang, Peaks of Faith: Protestant Missions Jesuit work among them, see Joseph Dehergne and Donald in Revolutionary China (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993). Leslie, Juifs deChineatravers lacorrespondance ineditedes [eeuiies du In The Liberating Gospel in China: The Christian Faith Among dix-huiiiemesiecle (Rome and Paris: Bibliotheca Instituti Historici China's Minority Peoples (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1995), S.I., 1980). A valuable collection of essays on relations between Ralph R. Covell argues that missionaries missed an opportunity church and state in China is Li Chifang, ed., Zhongguojindaizheng in neglecting China's minorities, many of whom responded jiao guanxiguojixueshuyentaohuilunwenji (Proceedings of the first more positively to Christianity than did most Han Chinese. He international symposium on church and state in China: Past and employs a contextual approach to explain why some minorities present) (Taipei: Danjiang University, 1987). Though most of the were resistant while others enthusiastically embraced Christian­ papers are in Chinese and essays on religions other than Chris­ ity. Ellsworth C. Carlson, in TheFoochow Missionaries, 1847-1880 tianity are included, several articles in English discuss relations (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1974), discusses the expecta­ between Christian missions and the Chinese government. tions of American missionaries as they departed for China and their reactions to the Chinese and the Chinese environment; he Contribution of Women Missionaries A perceptive work on the contribution of women missionaries as Jessie G. Lutz isProfessor ofHistoryEmeritus,RutgersUniversity. Among her ed uca tors, role models, andsocialserviceworkers isJane Hunter, publications areChina and the Christian Colleges, 1850-1950 andChinese Politics and Christian Missions: The Anti-Christian Movements of 1920­ The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of­ 28.Thisessayis tobepublished in Chinese, alongwith a Chinese translation of the-Century China (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1984). Al­ the author's Christian Missions in China and a bibliography of works in though pioneer women missionaries were adventurous and Chinese compiled by Wang Chen-main. Theauthorwishes toexpress apprecia­ even ambitious, few in the nineteenth century were feminists, tionto Daniel Bays, Gerald Anderson,andJohn W. Witek,S.J.,forsuggestions and Hunter