Subphylum Urochordata : Tunicates Class Ascidacea Class Larvacea Class Thaliacea Subphylum Cephalochordata : Amphioxus Phylum Chordata : 1 - Subphylum Urochordata 2 Subphylum Cephalochordata (Subphylum Urochordata : Tunicates ) Class Ascidiacea Class Larvacea Class Thaliacea (Subphylum Cephalochordata ) Class Ascidiacea Ascidia Kowalevsky Patricia Kott D. lane David George & Gordon Paterson Herdmania momus savigny Herdmania momus kiamanensis Didemnum candidum savigny Phallusia nigra savigny Styela canopus savigny Class Ascidiacea : Order : Aplousobranchia Family : Polyclinidae : Aplidium cf. rubripunctum C.Monniot & F. Monniot 1997 Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816 Family Didemnidae Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1816 Didemnum cf. granulatum Tokioka, 1954 Didemnum obscurum F. Monniot 1969 Didemnum perlucidum F. Monniot, 1983 Didemnum sp. Didemnum yolky C.Monniot & F. Monniot 1997 Diplosoma listerianum Milne Edwards, 1841 Order : Phlebobranchia Family : Ascidiidae Ascidia sp. Phallusia julinea Sluiter, 1915 Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816 Order : Stolidobranchia Family : Styelidae Botryllus gregalis Sluiter, 1898 Botryllus niger Herdman, 1886 Botryllus sp. Eusynstyela cf. hartmeyeri Michaelsen, 1904 Polyandrocarpa sp. Styela canopus Savigny, 1816 Symplegma bahraini C.Monniot & F. Monniot 1997 Symplegma brakenhielmi Michaelsen, 1904 Family pyuridae Herdmania momus Savigny, 1816 Pyura curvigona Tokioka, 1950 Pyurid sp. Class Larvacea Larva Seymour Sewell Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata * Class Larvacea Order Copelata Family Fritillariidae Fritillaria pellucida Buch, 1851 Fritillaria formica Fol, 1872 Family Oikopleuridae Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872 S.Swelle Oikopleura rufescens Fol, 1872 Class Thaliacea Blastozoid Phylum chordata Subphylum Urochordata Class Thaliaceae Order Salpida Family Salpidae Salpa fusiformis Cuvier Salpa cylindrica Cuvier, 1918 Metacalfina hexagona Quoy and Gaimard S.Swelle Thalia democratica Forskal S.Swelle Thalia longicauda Quoy and Gaimard 1824 Pegea confederata Forskal S.Swelle Order Doliolida Family Doliolidae Doliolum indicum Neumann , 1905 Doliolum gegenbauri Uljanin,1884 Doliolum denticulatum Quoy and Gaimard 1851 Doliolum mirabilis Korotneff,1891 Order Pyrosomida Family Pyrosomatidae Pyrosoma spinusum Herdmann,1888 Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Endostyle Lancelet Branchiostoma arabiae Branchiostoma lanceolatum Branchiostoma belcheri J.E. Webb Branchiostoma arabiae Webb, 1957 Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas, 1774 Branchiostoma cf. belcheri Gray Branchiostoma sp. Pelagic Tunicata Sir John Murray Mabahiss Mackenzie Salp Phylum Chordata : Subphylum Urochordata References - Kott,P.The Sessile Tunicata,, The John Murray Expedition ( 1933-34 ). British Museum ( Natural History ) Vol.X, No. 4 .London, 1957. - Sewell ,R.B. Seymour ,The Pelagic Tunicata,, The John Murray Expedition ( 1933-34 ). British Museum ( Natural History ) Vol.X, No. 1 .London, 1953 . - Webb ,J.E . Cephalochordata, The John Murray Expedition ( 1933-34 ). British Museum ( Natural History ) Vol.X, No. 3 .London, 1953. - Seashores of Kuwait, Johnse,D. University of Kuwait, 1986. - The Emirates, A natural History, edited by Hellyer,p. & Aspinall,S. The Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2005. - Pechnik,J.A. Biology of the Invertebrates. Wm.C.Brown Publishers, U.S.A. 1991. - Holmes,S. Biological Terms.( Henderson Dictionary Of ) . Ninth Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company . New York . 1979 . - Different resources from internet web. ******************** Phylum Chordata : 1 - Subphylum Urochordata 8, 9,32 ,82 ,187 Class Ascidiacea 9 ,11 ,26, Order : Aplousobranchia 26 Family : Polyclinidae : 26 Aplidium cf. rubripunctum 26 Polyclinum constellatum 26 Family Didemnidae 26 Didemnum candidum 20 , 26 Didemnum cf. granulatum 26 Didemnum obscurum 26 Didemnum perlucidum 26 Didemnum sp. 26 Didemnum yolky 26 Diplosoma listerianum 26 Order : Phlebobranchia 26 Family : Ascidiidae 26 Ascidia sp. 26 Phallusia julinea 26 Phallusia nigra 22 , 26 Order : Stolidobranchia 26 Family : Styelidae 26 Botryllus gregalis 26 Botryllus niger 26 Botryllus sp. 26 Eusynstyela cf. hartmeyeri 26 Polyandrocarpa sp. 26 Styela canopus 24 , 27 Symplegma bahraini 27 Symplegma brakenhielmi 27 Family pyuridae 27 Herdmania momus 17 , 27 Pyura curvigona 27 Pyurid sp. 27 Class Larvacea 10 , 28 , 32 , Order Copelata 32 Family Fritillariidae 32 Fritillaria pellucida 32 Fritillaria formica 35 Family Oikopleuridae 37 Oikopleura dioica 37 Oikopleura rufescens 42 Class Thaliacea 10 , 45 , 52 , Order Salpida 52 Family Salpidae 52 Salpa fusiformis 52 Salpa cylindrica 54 Metacalfina hexagona 56 Thalia democratica 58 Thalia longicauda 62 Pegea confederata 64 Order Doliolida 66 Family Doliolidae 66 Doliolum indicum 66 Doliolum denticulatum 68 Doliolum mirabilis 69 Order Pyrosomida 70 Family Pyrosomatidae 70 Pyrosoma spinusum 70 2 Subphylum Cephalochordata 8, 10 , 71 , 73 , 187 Order Amphioxiformes Family : Branchiostomatidae : Branchiostoma arabiae 81 Branchiostoma lanceolatum 82 Branchiostoma belcheri 83 **************************** I believe these kinds of books are introductory for further investigation and I hope I could have illuminated some part the faunal biodiversity of Persian Gulf and see of Oman. Hassan Mohammadian Preface This book is an introduction to two important groups of primitive vertebrates in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea: 1 Urochordata 2 Cephalochordata We have reports of about 40 species of Urochordates of Tunics and 3 species of Cephalochordates or amphioxus in this book. The author has included the main text of pelagic tunicate of North West Indian Ocean by R.B. Seymour Swelle because of its historic and scientific importance. Dr. Swelle was the head of a scientific expedition group to Indian Ocean in 1933. His trip started with the financial support of Sir John Murray (The great oceanographer) and used the ship Mabahiss with the help of some Egyptian Scientist. He examined 209 stations and returned after nine months. The results of this important expedition were published by The British Natural History Museum . Other references used by author to complete this book have been cited in the reference section. Eurochordata and Cephalochordata of Persian Gulf & Oman See Compiled by : Hassan Mohammadian Shabpareh Publications.