The Historic Environment Consultancy Heritage Statement: Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land to the West of Kennetholme Quarry Colthrop, Thatcham West Berkshire RG19 4NT National Grid Reference: SU 536 662 Dr Peter Wardle, Colin Lacey & Dr Heather Papworth 15/12/2016 Document Reference Number 2015/1259 Version 1.5 i Historic Environment Consultancy 38 Elvendon Rd Goring on Thames Oxon RG8 0DU, T01491 875584 :[email protected] www.historicenvironment.co.uk Heritage Statement Land to the West of Kennetholme Quarry Heritage Statement: Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land to the West of Kennetholme Quarry, Colthrop, Thatcham West Berkshire RG19 4NT Dr Peter Wardle, Colin Lacey & Dr Heather Papworth 15/12/2016 Table of Contents 1. Summary ..................................................................................................................... vii 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 The Client ............................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Confidentiality and Copyright .................................................................................. 8 2.3 The Land ................................................................................................................ 8 2.4 Site Visit .................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Current Land Use ................................................................................................. 12 2.6 Topography .......................................................................................................... 12 2.7 Geology ................................................................................................................ 12 3. Historic Background .................................................................................................... 12 3.1 The History of the Settlement ............................................................................... 12 3.2 The Mill ................................................................................................................. 12 3.3 The Canal ............................................................................................................. 14 3.4 The Railway .......................................................................................................... 16 3.5 The Second World War ........................................................................................ 16 3.6 Historic Photographs ............................................................................................ 21 4. Map Regression Exercise ........................................................................................... 24 4.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 24 4.2 John Speed’s Map of 1610 ................................................................................... 25 4.3 Robert Morden’s Map of 1695 .............................................................................. 26 4.4 Bloom’s Map of 1715 ............................................................................................ 27 4.5 1810 1 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey Map ........................................................ 28 4.6 1880 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan .................................................................... 30 4.7 1899 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan .................................................................... 31 4.8 1911 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan .................................................................... 32 4.9 1932 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Plan .................................................................. 33 4.10 1933 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan ................................................................ 34 4.11 1960-61 Ordnance Survey 10,000 Plan ............................................................ 35 4.12 1968-72 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan ........................................................... 36 4.13 1991 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Plan .............................................................. 37 4.14 Modern Digital Ordnance Survey ...................................................................... 38 5. Previous Archaeological Investigations on the Development Area ............................. 39 ii Historic Environment Consultancy 38 Elvendon Rd Goring Oxon RG8 0DU, T01491 875584 E:[email protected] www.historicenvironment.co.uk Heritage Statement Land to the West of Kennetholme Quarry 6. Archaeological Remains, Sites and Monuments in the Vicinity of the Development Area ................................................................................................................................... 39 6.1 Early Prehistoric – Pre Bronze Age ...................................................................... 39 6.2 Later Prehistoric – Bronze Age and Iron Age ....................................................... 40 6.3 Roman .................................................................................................................. 40 6.4 Early Medieval – Pre 1066 .................................................................................... 40 6.5 Medieval – Post 1066-1485 .................................................................................. 40 6.6 Post Medieval 1485-1700 ..................................................................................... 40 6.7 Undated Evidence ................................................................................................ 41 6.8 Negative Evidence ................................................................................................ 41 7. On site Observations - Current Topography ................................................................ 41 8. Aerial Photographic Evidence ..................................................................................... 41 9. Extent of Modern and Recent Ground Disturbance & Deposit Survey ........................ 51 10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 53 11. Appendix: Bibliography ............................................................................................ 53 12. Appendix: Area Descriptions .................................................................................... 54 12.1 Area 1 ................................................................................................................ 55 12.2 Area 2 ................................................................................................................ 59 12.3 Area 3 ................................................................................................................ 65 12.4 Area 4 ................................................................................................................ 69 12.5 Area 5 ................................................................................................................ 76 12.6 Area 6 ................................................................................................................ 82 12.7 Area 7 ................................................................................................................ 87 12.8 Area 8 ................................................................................................................ 91 12.9 Area 9 .............................................................................................................. 102 12.10 Area 10 ............................................................................................................ 110 13. Definitions: ............................................................................................................. 118 iii Historic Environment Consultancy 38 Elvendon Rd Goring Oxon RG8 0DU, T01491 875584 E:[email protected] www.historicenvironment.co.uk Heritage Statement Land to the West of Kennetholme Quarry Table of Figures Figure 1: General Location Plan, 1:10,000 @ A4 ............................................................... 9 Figure 2: Detailed Location Plan. Scale 1:5,000 @ A3 ...................................................... 10 Figure 3: Area divisions (1:5000 @ A4) ............................................................................. 11 Figure 4: Extract of John Speed Map of 1610, 1:50,000 @ A4 .......................................... 25 Figure 5 Extract of Robert Modern’s Map of 1695, 1:50.000 @ A4 ................................... 26 Figure 6 Extract of Bloom’s Map of 1715, 1:50.000 @ A4 ................................................. 27 Figure 7: 1816 1 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey Map enlarged to 1:25,000 .................... 28 Figure 8: 1877 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Plan enlarged to 1:5,000 ................................ 29 Figure 9: 1880 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan reduced to 1:5,000 ................................... 30 Figure 10: 1899 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan reduced to 1:5,000 ................................. 31 Figure 11 1911 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan reduced to 1:5,000 .................................. 32 Figure 12: 1932 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Plan enlarged to 1:5,000 .............................. 33 Figure 13: 1911 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Plan reduced to 1:5,000 ................................. 34