Technical Paper No. 302 Subsistence Harvests and Uses of Wild Resources in Iliamna, Newhalen, Nondalton, Pedro Bay, and Port Alsworth, Alaska, 2004 by James A. Fall, Davin L. Holen, Brian Davis, Theodore Krieg, and David Koster December 2006 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries) centimeter cm Alaska Administrative fork length FL deciliter dL Code AAC mideye-to-fork MEF gram g all commonly accepted mideye-to-tail-fork METF hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., standard length SL kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. total length TL kilometer km all commonly accepted liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., Mathematics, statistics meter m R.N., etc. all standard mathematical milliliter mL at @ signs, symbols and millimeter mm compass directions: abbreviations east E alternate hypothesis HA Weights and measures (English) north N base of natural logarithm e cubic feet per second ft3/s south S catch per unit effort CPUE foot ft west W coefficient of variation CV gallon gal copyright ¤ common test statistics (F, t, F2, etc.) inch in corporate suffixes: confidence interval CI mile mi Company Co. correlation coefficient nautical mile nmi Corporation Corp. (multiple) R ounce oz Incorporated Inc. correlation coefficient pound lb Limited Ltd. (simple) r quart qt District of Columbia D.C. covariance cov yard yd et alii (and others) et al. degree (angular ) ° et cetera (and so forth) etc. degrees of freedom df Time and temperature exempli gratia expected value E day d (for example) e.g. greater than > degrees Celsius °C Federal Information greater than or equal to t degrees Fahrenheit °F Code FIC harvest per unit effort HPUE degrees kelvin K id est (that is) i.e. less than < hour h latitude or longitude lat. or long. less than or equal to d minute min monetary symbols logarithm (natural) ln second s (U.S.) $, ¢ logarithm (base 10) log months (tables and logarithm (specify base) log2, etc. Physics and chemistry figures): first three minute (angular) ' all atomic symbols letters Jan,...,Dec not significant NS alternating current AC registered trademark £ null hypothesis HO ampere A trademark ¥ percent % calorie cal United States probability P direct current DC (adjective) U.S. probability of a type I error hertz Hz United States of (rejection of the null horsepower hp America (noun) USA hypothesis when true) D hydrogen ion activity pH U.S.C. United States probability of a type II error (negative log of) Code (acceptance of the null parts per million ppm U.S. state use two-letter hypothesis when false) E parts per thousand ppt, abbreviations second (angular) " (e.g., AK, WA) ‰ standard deviation SD volts V standard error SE watts W variance population Var sample var TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 302 SUBSISTENCE HARVESTS AND USES OF WILD RESOURCES IN ILIAMNA, NEWHALEN, NONDALTON, PEDRO BAY, AND PORT ALSWORTH, ALASKA, 2004 By James A. Fall Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Davin L. Holen Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Brian Davis Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage (retired) Theodore Krieg Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Dillingham and David Koster Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence PO Box 115526, Juneau, Alaska, 99811-5526 December 2006 Final Report to Stephen R. Braund and Associates under ADF&G Agreement IHP-05-049 to fulfill obligations for the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, National Park Service, NPS Agreement Number H9855040051 under ADF&G Agreement COOP 05-022 The Division of Subsistence Technical Paper Series was established in 1979 and represents the most complete collection of information about customary and traditional uses of fish and wildlife resources in Alaska. The papers cover all regions of the state. Some papers were written in response to specific fish and game management issues. Others provide detailed, basic information on the subsistence uses of particular communities which pertain to a large number of scientific and policy questions. Technical Paper Series reports are available through the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us/ James A. Fall, Davin L. Holen, Brian Davis (retired), and David Koster Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99518-1599 USA and Theodore Krieg Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 546 Kenny Wren Road, P.O. Box 1030, Dillingham, Alaska 99576-103, USA This document should be cited as: J.A. Fall, D.L. Holen, B. Davis, T. Krieg, and D. Koster. 2006. Subsistence harvests and uses of wild resources in Iliamna, Newhalen, Nondalton, Pedro Bay, and Port Alsworth, Alaska, 2004. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 302. Juneau. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write: ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau AK 99811-5526 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 300 Webb, Arlington VA 22203 Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington DC 20240 The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers: (VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD) 907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078 For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact: ADF&G, Division of Subsistence, Website: http://www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us/ ABSTRACT SUBSISTENCE HARVESTS AND USES OF WILD RESOURCES IN ILIAMNA, NEWHALEN, NONDALTON, PEDRO BAY, AND PORT ALSWORTH, ALASKA, 2004 This report presents updated information about subsistence uses of fish, wildlife, and plant resources in 5 communities of southcentral Alaska -- Iliamna, Newhalen, Nondalton, Pedro Bay, and Port Alsworth. The Division of Subsistence of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game conducted the study in collaboration with the National Park Service and Stephen R. Braund & Associates. The Pebble Project is a proposed open pit mine located 18 miles to the northwest of Iliamna and 18 miles southwest of Nondalton. The potential development of the mine requires updated baseline information about subsistence harvests and uses. Information was collected through systematic household surveys and mapping interviews. Scoping meetings were held in each community to elicit ideas about research questions and to learn more about issues. After preliminary study findings were available, a second round of community meetings took place to review the results. In total, 116 households were interviewed, 79% of the year- round resident households. The study documented the continuing importance of subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering to the study communities. In 2004, virtually every person in each community participated in subsistence activities and used wild resources. Subsistence harvests were large and diverse. Estimated wild resource harvests were 469 pounds usable weight per person in Iliamna, 692 pounds per person in Newhalen, 358 pounds per person in Nondalton, 306 pounds per person in Pedro Bay, and 133 pounds per person in Port Alsworth. Most participants in this study reported their subsistence uses and harvests have changed in their lifetimes and over the last 5 years, due to reduced resource populations, shifts in the locations of moose and caribou, competition with nonlocal sport hunters, and a warming climate. Residents voiced concerns about the potential development of a mine and the construction of a road through and near their traditional subsistence harvest areas. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents updated information about subsistence uses of fish, wildlife, and plant resources in 5 communities within the resident zone of the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska. The study communities were Iliamna, Newhalen, Nondalton, Pedro Bay, and Port Alsworth. The study area is within the Kvichak River-Iliamna Lake-Lake Clark drainage, a part of the Bristol Bay watershed. The Kvichak River system supports the world’s largest run of sockeye salmon. The residents of all 5 communities rely on subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering for nutrition and to support their way of life. The Division of Subsistence of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) conducted the study in collaboration with the National Park Service and Stephen R. Braund & Associates (SRB&A). The Pebble Project is a proposed open pit mine located 18 miles to the northwest of Iliamna near Frying Pan Lake, and 18 miles southwest of Nondalton. The mineral deposit includes gold, copper, molybdenum, and silver. The proposed project includes construction of a road from the deposit to a port facility on Cook Inlet. The potential development of the mine and road requires updated baseline information about subsistence harvests and uses in the five study communities that this study addressed.