General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) N Fq- 7 )ACCESSION NUMBERI {TM R U I C (PAGES) ICODEI ,NASA CR OR TM. R AD NUMBER) iCATEGORY) F fA£^OFT C r 1 ^yF `N S.Vi ^•^'; i. UNITED STATES - '^ \\ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Interagency Report GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NASA-140 WASHINGTON, O.C. 20242 January 1969 Mr. Robert Porter Acting Program. Chief,. Earth Resourcas Survey Code SAR - NASA Headquarters Washington, DC: 20546 Dear Bob: r„I Transmitted herewith are two copies of: INTERAGENCY REPORT NASA-140 ^ r;s THE UTILITY OF RADAR AND OTHER REMOTE SENSORS IN THENLATIC LAND USE 11[APPING.F'10M SPACECRAFT: ANNUAL REPORT* by A David S.'Simonett* The U.S. Geological Survey has-released this report in open files: Fvl g Copies are available for consultation in the Geological Survey Libraries. 1633 GSA Building, Washington, D.C. 20242 Building 25 . r* Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225;'345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025; and 601 E..Ceda-r• Avenue, Flagstaff,. 4 Arizona 86001. Sincerely yours, ^. r ti William A. Fischer Research.Coordinator i- EROS Program r.: *Work performed under NASA Contract No. R-09-020-024 9 Task No. 160-75-01-32-10 **Department of Geography University of Kansas, Lawrence i Kansas INTERAGENCY REPORT NASA-140 THE UTILITY OF RADAR AND OTHER REMOTE SENSORS IN THEMATIC LAND USE MAPPING FROM SPACECRAFT: : ANNUAL REPORT* x A j Y , m by David S. Simonett ,. *Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under NASA Contract No. R-09-020-024 A/l, Task No. 160-75-01-32-•10. - Work performed by the University of Kansas , for the USGS Geographic Applications Program under USES Contract No. 14-08-0001-10848. **Department of Geography, University of.Kansas, Lawrence,. Kansas A` { f'# iN TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. .. 1 '= N General Objectives of Study. 1 Studies Published and Submitted -' for Publication by March 31, 1968 . .. , 3 Investigations at Field Test Sites . 5 Status of the IDECS System . 7 Questions on Thematic Mapping: Some Preliminary Observations . ... 8 The question of Resolution in Thematic Mapping . 8 Preliminary Estimates of Photographic f Resolution for Thematic Mapping . .12 Complementary and Supplementary Roles for Imaging Radar and Photography in Space . .15 Preliminary Observations on Thematic Mapping from Spacecraft . .16 Table of Maps . ,. .19 Bibliography . .21 David E. Schwarz and Roland D. Mower "The Potential for Deriving Landform Regions From Radar Imagery: A Puerto Rican Example" . .22 i Introduction . .23 Limitations and Advantages of the Site and Radar Imagery . .23 Radar Landform Regions and Young's Classification Compared . .25 Conclusion . ... .31 y References . .... .37 Illustrations: Figure 1. Mile-long profiles which illustrate e; -)f Young's Puerto Rican landform classes ,. .27 - .Figure 2. Young's Puerto Rican landform regions . .29 - - Figure 3. Photographs of plastic model under different angles of illumination . .33 Figure 4. Radar image of the Tuskahoma syncline; Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma . .34 Figure 5. Comparison of radar and photography of drumlin topography . .35 Florence Peterson "An Urban Land Use Study of Lawrence, Kansas 1 Using K-Band Radar". 0 . 0 . .39 Illustrations: Figure la. K-Band radar image . .41 Figure lb. Transportation network . .41 Figure 1c. L and use interpretation from radar image . .42 Figure Id. Areas mis-interpreted . .42 Joseph Sabol. "The Relationship Between Population and Radar- Derived Area of Urban Places" . .46 Data Acquisition. .47 Interpretation . .49 Statistical Operations to be . Performed . .54 Illustrations; Figure 1 . A 2x photographic enlargement of K=band imagery . 050 Figure 2. A 2x photographic enlargement of K-band imagery of Baldwin, Kansas and surrounding area. .5.1 Figure 3. A . 2x enlargement of K-band imagery of Edgerton, Kansas, and surrounding area . .52 Appendices 1. Data Sheet. 0 658 2, Measurement of Urban Place Area on Radar Imagery . : . .60 3A. Ground Truth . ... .63 3B. Map Conversion Factors . 0 . .64 . '45 4A. Gary Thomann, "Distance Computation on Radar Film". .65 4B. Dwight Egbert, "Calculation of Ground Street Lengths and Area from Radar Measurements . .71 References.: . ... .74 Rex M. Peterson "Observations on the Geomorphology and Land Use of Part of the Wasatch Range, Utah . .76 Natural Vegetation. : .78 Drainage . ... .85 Land Use . .85 Geomorphic History . .. .89 Geomorphic Regions . .90 The Salt Lake City Area . .90 The Wasatch Range . .90 Parleys Park and Rhodes Valley . ... .91 The Andesite Hills . .92 Rock 'Units . .93 Structure . .95 The Park City Mining District . .97 Ancestral Drainage . .. .98 Landform Classification . 101 Physiographic Maps from Radar . 108 References . .. .112 Illustrations: Figure 1. Index map outlining study area in Wasatch Range, Utah . .77 Figure 2. HH and HV polarizations of the Wasatch Range . ` ... .79 Fig►ire 3A. Enlargement of K-band radar imagery of western part of Wasatch Range and part of Salt Lake City . .80 Figure 3B. Enlargement of an 11-mile strip of radar imagery from Mount Raymond east to Park City. .81 7 Figure 3C. Upper Provo Canyon, Rhodes Valley, West Hills. 4,. .82 Figure 4. Wasatch Range drainage divide .83 Figure S. Land use map drawn from K-•band imagery .87 Figure 6. Transportation map of the Wasatch Range, Utaa . ... ' . .88 Figure 7. Surface materials of the Wasatch Range, Utah . .88 Figure 8. Postulated ancestral drainage, Wasatch Range . .99 Figure 9. Present Drainage, Wasatch Range . .99 Figure 10. Landform classification map . 105 Figure 11. Physiographic Map of Vie Wasatch Range, Utah . •. .• . 109 Figure 12. Physiographic Map of the Wasatch Range, Utah . .110 I ANNUAL REPORT U.S.G.S. Contract No. 14-08-0001-10848 The Utility of Radar and Other Remote Sensors in Thematic Land Use Mapping from Spacecraft Principal Investigator: David S. Simonett* Department of Geography and Center for Research in Engineering Science University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044 May 1, 1968 (Covering the period March 1, 1967 - April 30, 1968) This report is collated from materials provided by the following graduate students employed at various times during the course of the contract: David F. Schwarz, Major Roland D. Mower, Florence M. Peterson, Fred C. Caspall, and David E. Berger. Mr. Joe Sabol, William G. Brooner, and Dr. Rex . Peterson who were employed on other projects also provided information. Messrs. Peterson and Schwarz shared the responsibility with D. S. Simonott for the collation of this report. N INTRODUCTION This is the first annual report on U.S.G.S. Contract 14-08-0001- 10848 and covers the period March 1, 1967 through April 30, 1968. This represents the first phase of a study documenting the potentials and pro- blems of thematic land use mapping from remote sensor imagery, especially radar imagery, obtained from aircraft and spacecraft. Since three papers partially supported by the U.S. Contract were issued during the year and four others are in press, the annual report does not attempt to cover the areas given in detail in these papers. Rather, the treatment adopted has been first, to outline the general objec- tives of the study including new objectives to be added during the second year of the study; second, to list the published and in-press documents generated on the project; third, to summarize the investigations at field study sites and work with the IDECS system; fourth, to give some prelim- inary observations on questions such as resolution and complementary and supplementary roles of multiple sensors in thematic mapping which will " be explored further in the coming year; and, ' finally, to give succinct accounts of several portions of the work which are not yet far enough along to be in publishable form but for which some interesting results are at hand. 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Before considering the general objectives of this study, it is appropriate first to discuss briefly the meaning intended by thematic land use mapping. As used here .thematic land use mapping has an obvious or primary use involving the preparation of such clear cut land use maps as those showing plowed versus uncultivated land, cleared versus uncleared, urban versus rural, transportation nets, and so on. However, it is infeasi- ble to study land use out of the context of the physical environment and we also examine certain secondary land use related maps which aid in the interpretation of land . use, hence are supportive in a balanced program ,r 2 of land use mapping. Such secondary land use related maps'would include slope maps, maps of major structural linears (of importance because of their relation to mineral ore emplacement) distribution of sink holes in limestone areas, coastal landform types such as plains and terraces, (which may be of ultimate significance in land use) and so on. In addi- tion to considering these static elements of the landscape in the form of land forms, it is also to be understood that the dynamic element of change in man's use of the land and the adequate detection of change constitutes part of this.