The Red Lacewing butterfly (Cethosia cydippe) – Garry Sankowsky This is one of Australia’s most beautiful butterflies and I must admit it is my favourite. It is strictly tropical, occurring from Torres Strait to about Townsville, in rainforest where its host plants grow. The Red Lacewing is rarely seen above 400 m altitude and unfortunately it is a rare visitor to our garden on the Atherton Tableland. Like many butterflies, at times it ranges 50 km or more from its usual breeding areas which brings it on to the Atherton Tablelands and to Townsville. No host plants grow close to Townsville but Adenia heterophylla is common on the Cardwell Range and at Crystal Creek (north of Townsville). It is unfortunate that the last revision of Adenia/Hollrungia lumped these species together, sinking the Hollrungia genus. I still consider them to be two separate genera and so do the butterflies. The Red Lacewing lays on Adenia and Hollrungia, the Orange Lacewing lays on Adenia and Passiflora, refusing to take any interest in Hollrungia. The females almost always lay their eggs along the stem of the host plant, 10 - 20 cm back from the end, in batches of 50 or more. Adenia vines usually hang down and then curl up at the tip, the eggs being mostly laid on the curve. I am referring to the wild situation, in captivity they will lay anywhere on the vine. Similar to White Nymph larvae, the small caterpillars line up and systematically chew down a leaf. The ones in the image on the right are on Passiflora (Hollrungia) aurantoides. These are about to moult, even if the group is somewhat spread out while feeding, they always group tightly when they are preparing to moult. From the third instar onwards, the larvae take on the classic warning colours of toxic species. The group on the left are about to moult and enter the final instar. The group below are moulting for the last time. When it comes time to pupate the larvae usually spread out and may end up ten or twenty metres from where they last fed. Like many vine feeding species their pupae are usually not made on the host plant. The pupae are well camouflaged, looking like some dead debris amongst the foliage. Male and female butterflies are fairly similar, the males being a more vivid red. When it comes to mating, the males are quite aggressive, similar to a Wanderer as shown in the image below. This is a very spectacular butterfly when seen flying in the bright tropical sun. They usually rest with their wings open so the bright red is clearly visible The wild population is extremely dynamic, fluctuating between very common to extremely hard to find from year to year. There are a few localities in the Wet Tropics where they can almost always be found. Photos Garry Sankowsky See also the article on “Red Lacewing host plants” on the “Plant Profiles” page of this website. This article was first published in issue #78 of Metamorphosis Australia in September 2015. .