Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Arenga tremula Synonym: Arenga mindorensis Becc. Common Name: Philippines dwarf sugar palm Caryota tremula Blanco (basionym) Saguerus mindorensis (Becc.) O. F. Cook Wallichia tremula (Blanco) Mart. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 8/4/2012 Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Print Date: 8/4/2012 Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2000. Huang, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwan Second [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Southern Japan Edition. Volume 5. Angiosperms · (Kyushu, the Ryukyus and Yakushima) and tropical Asia. Taiwan, low elevations, Monocotyledons [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. thought the island." Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 201 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Endemic to the the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. Philippines, this elegant clustering palm grows in thick clumps of small to medium height." … "Requiring a tropical to subtropical climate, it has moderate to high light and water needs." 202 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Quality of climate match data 2-High] the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. 203 2005. ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. Arenga [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Endemic to the tremula (Blanco) Merr.. Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro); in secondary forests and thickets at low altitudes." http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rn o=205 203 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Philippine [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Hardiness: Dwarf Sugar Palm - Arenga tremula. USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/62910/ USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" 204 2000. Huang, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwan Second [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Edition. Volume 5. Angiosperms · "Southern Japan (Kyushu, the Ryukyus and Yakushima) and tropical Asia. Monocotyledons [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Taiwan, low elevations, thought the island." Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 204 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. "Endemic to the Philippines, this elegant clustering palm grows in thick clumps of small to medium height." … "Requiring a tropical to subtropical climate, it has moderate to high light and water needs." 205 2000. Meerow, A.W.. Salvaging Hurricane- [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Damaged Palms in the Nursery. ENH 106. range? Introduced in Florida] Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL http://university.uog.edu/cals/people/PUBS/NURS ERY/EP06400.pdf 205 2003. Starr, F./Starr, K.. Plants of Hawaii - [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Arenga tremula. range? Cultivated in Hawaii] "Habit Hilo, Hawaii" http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=aren ga+tremula&o=plants 205 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australian range? Introduced into Australia] Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 205 2008. Environmental Horticulture Program. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Cultivated Plants of Palm Beach County. Palm range? Yes] "Sugar Palm is just one of multiple Arenga species cultivated in Beach Community College, Palm Beach, FL South Florida. Dwarf Sugar Palm (Arenga tremula) from the Philippines is smaller http://floridagrasses.org/Manual%20MergedPDF.p (12‘ tall) with long leaves rising to 20‘, regrowing from basal suckers after the df main trunk dies postflowering." 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in Hawaiian Islands] T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm Print Date: 8/4/2012 Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australian n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2)? No evidence] Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 305 2000. Binggeli, P.. The East Usambaras [Congeneric weed? Possibly A. pinnata] "Casual observations at two other (Tanzania) - The Pearl of Africa. Aliena. 10: 14- locations indicate that other species, hitherto not thought to be invading, are also 15. spreading into natural forest including two tree species, Castilla elastica and Arenga pinnata, and a bamboo." 305 2008. Dawson, W./Mndolwa, A.S./Burslem, [Congeneric weed? Possibly A. pinnata] "Table 5 Spreading species with known D.F.R.P./Hulme, P.E.. Assessing the risks of planting history in ABG...Arenga pinnata...Naturalised or Invasive elsewhere: Yes" plant invasions arising from collections in tropical botanical gardens.