Code: 1423/5404/9407 BA/BS/BEd/Associate Degree COMMUNICATION SKILLS UNIT 1 FUNCTION Asking and Answering Questions STRUCTURE Simple Present and Present Continuous Tenses READING Guessing the Meaning of Words WRITING Writing Connected Sentences LISTENING Understanding Directions UNIT 2 FUNCTION Seeking Confirmation STRUCTURE The Present Perfect Tense READING Synonyms and Antonyms WRITING Informal letters LISTENING Listening to a Lecture and Taking Notes UNIT 3 FUNCTION Agreeing and Disagreeing STRUCTURE The Simple Past Tense READING Predicting the content of a book WRITING Letters of Apology LISTENING Listening to the News UNIT 4 FUNCTION Expressing Possibility and Impossibility STRUCTURE Modal Verbs READING Skimming and Scanning WRITING Letters Giving Advice LISTENING Giving advice UNIT 5 FUNCTION Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty Expressing Obligation STRUCTURE Active and Passive Voice READING Functions in the text WRITING Writing Formal Letters: Job Applications LISTENING Listening to Job Interview UNIT 6 FUNCTION Expressing Preference Expressing Intention STRUCTURE Simple Future Tense READING Main Ideas and Supporting Details WRITING Paragraph Development LISTENING Listening to Announcements UNIT 7 FUNCTION Asking Permission Giving and Refusing Permission STRUCTURE Future Continuous READING General Reading Exercises WRITING Writing an Essay LISTENING Listening to a Speech UNIT 8 FUNCTION Expressing Appreciation, Admiration, Pleasure and Gratitude STRUCTURE Indirect or Reported Speech READING Making Inferences WRITING Descriptive Writing LISTENING Listening to Descriptions UNIT 9 FUNCTION Advice & Suggestions STRUCTURE Clauses: Main or Independent Clause Dependent or Subordinating Clause READING Facts & Opinions WRITING Narrative Writing LISTENING Listening to a Story UNIT 1 Section A FUNCTION Asking and Answering Questions A young man Yaasir has been stopped for over speeding. A Policeman is asking him some questions. Listen to the conversation between them on your cassette recorder. Recorded Text 1 Policeman: May I know your name please, sir? Yaasir: What? P: Your name, please? Y: Oh, yes. Yaasir Malik. P: And your address? Y: Hmmm? P: Your address, sir, where do you live? Y: Uh.... 45 Margalla Road. P: And your age? How old are you? Y: 21. P: Have you got your driving licence, sir? Y: No, not at the moment. Can I bring it to the police station later? It's at home. P: Certainly, sir. What make is this car? Y: It’s a Toyota Corolla. P: And what year is it? Y: 2006. P: How long have you been driving? Y: About five years. P: Have you ever been stopped by the police before? Y: No, never. Let’s repeat the questions that the Policeman asked Yaasir: . May I know your name please, sir? . Your name, please? . And your address? . Your address, sir, where do you live? . And your age? How old are you? . Have you got your driving licence, sir? . What make is this car? . And what year is it? . How long have you been driving? . Have you ever been stopped by the police before? There are many ways of asking questions in English but the most frequently used questions asked in English language begin with the letters WH, except the question- word How? To ask a WH question correctly in English, we must put the WH word in front. Read these examples of WH questions: WHEN ...? Time When did they go to Peshawar? - Last year. WHERE ...? Place Where did they stay in Peshawar? – In a guest house WHY ...? Reason Why did they go to Peshawar? - Because they wanted to visit some old friends WHAT ...? Object What did they buy from Peshawar? – Some beautiful brass and copper items WHICH ...? Choice of two Which item did she like best? - The one that's made of copper WHOSE ...? Possession. Whose bag was the heaviest? – Jamal’s WHOM ...? Person /s Whom did they meet? – The Durrani’s WHO ...? Person Who took their order at the restaurant? - The waiter . HOW ...? Manner How did they travel to Peshawar? By car Exercise 1 Mrs Siddiqui has just heard that her grandson is going to get married in a few days. She wants to know all about the girl, so she asks a lot of questions. In the columns below, the questions and answers are all mixed up. Can you match the questions given in column 1 with the correct answers in the column 2? Column 1 Column 2 1 What's her name? a Of course she does. 2 Where does she live? b He’s an Engineer. 3 How old is she? c I think she's very beautiful. 4 Has she finished college? d She’s tall and slender. She has long, black hair, large brown eyes and a beautiful smile. 5 What does her father do? e Yes, three. 6 Does she have any brothers? f Salma. 7 Is she pretty? g Of course she'll live here. 8 Does she speak Urdu? h Yes, she has. 9 What does she look like? i 20. 10 Will she come and live in Lahore? j In Peshawar. Exercise 2 What questions will you ask to get the following answers? Question: ___________________________________________________? Answer: Salma. Question: ___________________________________________________? Answer: In Peshawar. Question: ___________________________________________________? Answer: 20. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: Yes, she has finished college. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: He's an engineer. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: Yes, three brothers. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: She's very beautiful. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: Of course she speaks Urdu. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: Yes, she will come and live in Lahore. Question: __________________________________________________? Answer: She is tall and slender and has long, black hair. In this Unit we will look closely at eight different ways of asking questions in English. Let us first learn the rules. Question type I Statement: She is pretty. Question: Is she pretty? Please note that in this type of question, the subject ‘she’ of the statement and the verb to be ‘am, is, are, was, were’ are inverted, changed round or reversed. Exercise 3 Read the following answers and write appropriate questions by reversing the sentence structure. Follow the rule given above in question type 1. Question: ____________________________________________________? Answer: They are English. Question: ____________________________________________________? Answer: Anjum was here. Question: ____________________________________________________? Answer: They were at home. Question: ____________________________________________________? Answer: Salima was the best student. Question: ____________________________________________________? Answer: I am from Pakistan. Question type 2 Statement: She has finished school. Question: Has she finished school? Statement: They can come tomorrow. Question: Can they come tomorrow. This type of question is similar to type 1. The subject of the sentence ‘she’ and ‘they’ and the auxiliary or helping verbs ‘has’ and ‘can’ are reversed. Exercise 4 Form questions from the following answers by following the type 2 rules given above. You may notice that there are different auxiliary verbs used, but you can follow the same rule. Follow the example. Question: Can he take it to the station________________________? Answer: He can take it to the station. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: She will come to Karachi. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: She has bought a new car. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: They will go for Hajj this year. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: Arjumand can tell her. Question type 3 Statement He likes coffee. Question Does he like coffee? If there are no verb 'to be' and no auxiliary verb in the sentence then we use ‘do, does or did’ to form a question. Statement: He went to Sialkot Question: Did he go to Sialkot? Statement: They need a car. Question: Do they need a car. Exercise 5 Form questions from the following statements or answers: Question: Does she come from Peshawar______________________? Answer: She comes from Peshawar. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: I enjoyed that film. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: I like this music. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: Roohi wants to come. Question: _______________________________________________________? Answer: Fahad ate all the cake. Exercise 6 You are helping a woman fill in the visa application form. She does not understand the questions. You must make the questions easier for her by repeating them in a different way. Example: Home address: What is your home address? Where do you live? 1 Name in full: ___________________________________? 2 Home address: ____________________________________? 3 Nationality: ____________________________________? 4 Age: ____________________________________? 5 Marital status: ____________________________________? 6 Purpose of visit: ____________________________________? 7 Place of birth: ____________________________________? 8 Date of birth: ____________________________________? 9 Length of visit: ____________________________________? 10 Date of return: ____________________________________? Question type 4 Statement: She has three brothers. Questions: Does she have any brothers? Statement: She has got three brothers. Question: