ROADS AND BUILDINGS DEPARTMENT (PANCHAYAT) Government of Gujarat ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) FOR GUJARAT RURAL ROADS (MMGSY) PROJECT Under AIIB Loan Assistance May 2017 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., India Roads & Buildings Department (Panchayat), Environmental and Social Impact Government of Gujarat Assessment (ESIA) Report Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 MUKHYA MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA ................................................................ 1 1.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: GUJARAT .................................... 3 1.3.1 Population Profile ........................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Social Characteristics ................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Distribution of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Population ................. 5 1.3.4 Notified Tribes in Gujarat ............................................................................ 5 1.3.5 Primitive Tribal Groups ............................................................................... 6 1.3.6 Agriculture Base .......................................................................................... 6 1.3.7 Land use Pattern in Gujarat .......................................................................... 6 1.3.8 Land holding status ...................................................................................... 7 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) ........................................ 7 1.4.1 Objectives of ESIA ...................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 ESIA Approach ............................................................................................ 8 1.5 STRUCTURE OF ESIA REPORT ................................................................................... 9 2 SELECTION AND PROFILE OF SAMPLE ROADS .................................................. 11 2.1 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ROADS ............................................ 11 2.2 EXISTING ROAD CONDITION AND NEED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT .............................. 13 2.3 PROPOSED DESIGN INTERVENTIONS ........................................................................ 13 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 15 3.1 AIIB SAFEGUARD POLICY ...................................................................................... 15 3.2 NATIONAL AND STATE RULES AND REGULATIONS ................................................... 15 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. 19 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Physiography ............................................................................................. 19 4.1.2 Rainfall and Climate .................................................................................. 19 4.1.3 Soil ............................................................................................................ 20 4.1.4 Geomorphology ......................................................................................... 20 4.1.5 Surface Water Quality ................................................................................ 21 4.1.6 Groundwater Quality .................................................................................. 22 4.1.7 Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................. 23 4.1.8 Ambient Noise Quality ............................................................................... 23 4.1.9 Physical Cultural Heritage .......................................................................... 23 4.2 ECOLOGICAL/ BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT.............................................................. 24 4.2.1 Forest cover ............................................................................................... 24 4.2.2 Flora and Fauna ......................................................................................... 24 4.2.3 Ecological sensitive areas in the project districts ........................................ 25 4.3 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 25 4.3.1 Socio-Economic Profile of Sample Project-Roads / Locations Chosen ....... 25 4.3.2 Distribution of Scheduled Caste / Tribe Population .................................... 26 4.3.3 Social Characteristics: ................................................................................ 26 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................................... 28 5.1 PURPOSE OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................................................................... 28 5.2 FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSULTATION IN FIFTH SCHEDULE AREA ................. 28 5.3 DETAILS OF CONSULTATIONS CARRIED OUT ........................................................... 29 5.4 INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS WITH LOCAL COMMUNITY ................................................ 36 i Roads & Buildings Department (Panchayat), Environmental and Social Impact Government of Gujarat Assessment (ESIA) Report 5.5 VISIT TO HOT-MIX PLANT ....................................................................................... 36 5.6 CONSULTATIONS AND ON-SITE OBSERVATIONS: SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES .............. 37 6 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................................................................................... 39 6.1 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ........................................ 39 6.1.1 Impact on Land and Structures ................................................................... 39 6.1.2 Land Securing and Modalities: Different Scenarios .................................... 39 6.1.3 Design Considerations to Avoid Environmental Impacts ............................ 40 6.2 PRE – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................. 41 6.3 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................................................................................................. 43 6.4 POST – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................ 45 7 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...................................................................... 47 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ...................... 49 8.1 ESMP TABLE ......................................................................................................... 49 8.2 SUMMARY OF SITE AND ACTIVITY SPECIFIC PLAN AS PER ESMP ............................. 49 8.3 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................... 55 9 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING ................................................................... 57 10 MONITORING AND REPORTING ............................................................................. 58 10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ................................................................................ 59 10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LOCATIONS ........................................................... 60 10.3 MONITORING AND POST AUDITING ......................................................................... 60 11 IMPLEMENTATION COST ......................................................................................... 61 List of Table Table 1-1: District wise Population Profile - Urban, Rural, SC& ST and Total Population .............. 4 Table 1-2: Population of Major Tribes: Gujarat, 2011 ..................................................................... 5 Table 1-3: Land Use Pattern in Gujarat ........................................................................................... 6 Table 1-4: Distribution Pattern of Operational Landholdings in Gujarat .......................................... 7 Table 2-1: Sample Project-Roads and Locations chosen for Impact Assessment ........................... 11 Table 2-2: Type of Roads Proposed under the MMGSY ............................................................... 13 Table 3-1: AIIB Safeguard Policy ................................................................................................. 15 Table 3-2: Environmental and Social Regulatory Compliance ....................................................... 17 Table 4-1: Annual Average Climate information for the Project Districts ...................................... 20 Table 4-2: Groundwater Quality - Jamnagar, Surendranagar and Morbi ........................................ 22 Table 4-3: Groundwater Quality - Gandhinagar ............................................................................ 23 Table 4-4: Forest Cover – District Wise ........................................................................................ 24 Table 4-5: District wise Ecological Sensitive areas: ...................................................................... 25 Table 4-6: Profile of Roads/Regions Chosen for Detailed Study ................................................... 26 Table 4-7: Distribution