1111 2 Heterotopia and the City 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Heterotopia, literally meaning ‘other places’, is a rich concept in urban design 4 that describes a world off-center with respect to normal or everyday spaces, 5 one that possesses multiple, fragmented, or even incompatible meanings. The 6 term has had an impact on architectural and urban theory since it was coined 7 by Foucault in the late 1960s but has remained a source of confusion and 8 debate since. Heterotopia and the City seeks to clarify this concept and investi- 9 gates the heterotopias which exist throughout our contemporary world: in 20111 museums, theme parks, malls, holiday resorts, gated communities, wellness 1 hotels, and festival markets. 2 The book combines theoretical contributions on the concept of heterotopia, 3 including a new translation of Foucault’s influential 1967 text, Of Other Spaces, 4 with a series of critical case studies that probe a range of (post-) urban 5 transformations, from the ‘malling’ of the agora, through the ‘gating’ of dwelling, 6 to the ‘theming’ of urban renewal. Wastelands and terrains vagues are explored as sites of promise and resistance in a section on urban activism and trans- 7 gression. The reader gets a glimpse of the extremes of our dualized, postcivil 8 condition through case studies on Jakarta, Dubai, and Kinshasa. 9 Heterotopia and the City provides a collective effort to reposition heterotopia 30111 as a crucial concept for contemporary urban theory and redirects the current 1 debate on the privatization of public space. The book will be of interest to all 2 those wishing to understand the city in the emerging postcivil society. Planners, 3 architects, cultural theorists, urbanists, and academics will find this a valuable 4 contribution to current critical argument. 5 6 Michiel Dehaene is Lecturer in Urbanism at the Eindhoven University 7 of Technology and a postdoctoral researcher at KU Leuven. His work 8 focuses on the epistemology of urbanism, dispersed urbanization, and the 9 interrelation between formal and informal modes of development. 40111 1 Lieven De Cauter studied Philosophy and History of Art. He teaches at the 2 department of Architecture of the Leuven University, the media school RITS 3 and the Berlage Institute, Rotterdam. He has published books on contemporary 44111 art, modernity, architecture, the city, and politics. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 The Egyptian temple of the Antwerp Zoo, 1857 (photograph: c.1903), with the skeleton 5 of its first inhabitant, the elephant Jacqueline. 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 3 4 5 6 First published 2008 7 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 8 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada 9 by Routledge 1011 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 1 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 2 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. 3 4 “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” 5 6 © 2008 Michiel Dehaene and Lieven De Cauter for selection and editorial matter; individual chapters, the contributors. 7 Michel Foucault, ‘Des espaces autres’, © Editions Gallimard, 8 Paris, 1994. 9 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or 20111 reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, 1 mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter 2 invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in 3 writing from the publishers. 4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 5 A catalogue record for this book is available 6 from the British Library 7 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 8 Heterotopia and the city: public space in a postcivil society/ edited by Michiel Dehaene and Lieven De Cauter. 9 p. cm. 30111 Includes bibliographical references and index. 1 1. Public spaces – Social aspects. 2. Difference (Philosophy) 3. Change. I. Dehaene, Michiel. II. Cauter, Lieven de, 1959–. 2 NA9053.S6H478 2008 3 307.1′216–dc22 2007018246 4 ISBN 0-203-08941-3 Master e-book ISBN 5 6 7 8 ISBN10: 0–415–42288–4 (hbk) 9 ISBN10: 0–203–08941–3 (ebk) 40111 ISBN13: 978–0–415–42288–8 (hbk) 1 ISBN13: 978–0–203–08941–5 (ebk) 2 3 44111 1111 In memory of ‘Silencio’ Sanchez, 2 3 who gave history an entirely new meaning 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Acknowledgements xi 4 5 6 Introduction 1 7 Heterotopia in a postcivil society 3 8 MICHIEL DEHAENE AND LIEVEN DE CAUTER 9 20111 1 PART 1 2 Heterotopology: ‘a science in the making’ 11 3 4 Of other spaces (1967) 13 5 MICHEL FOUCAULT 6 7 8 Heterotopia: an ecology 31 9 JAMES D. FAUBION 30111 1 Heterotopia: anamnesis of a medical term 41 2 HEIDI SOHN 3 4 5 PART 2 6 Heterotopia revisited 51 7 8 9 The many mirrors of Foucault and their architectural reflections 53 40111 M. CHRISTINE BOYER 1 2 Heterotopias of difference 75 3 MARCO CENZATTI 44111 viii Contents 1111 The space of play: towards a general theory of 2 heterotopia 87 3 LIEVEN DE CAUTER AND MICHIEL DEHAENE 4 5 6 PART 3 7 The mall as agora – the agora as mall 103 8 9 Heterotopia of the theme park street 105 1011 KATHLEEN KERN 1 2 Between shopping malls and agoras: a French history of 3 ‘protected public space’ 117 4 ´ 5 CLEMENT ORILLARD 6 7 ‘A kind of instinct’: the cinematic mall as heterotopia 137 8 DOUGLAS MUZZIO AND JESSICA MUZZIO-RENTAS 9 20111 1 PART 4 2 Dwelling in a postcivil society 151 3 4 The gated community as heterotopia 153 5 SETHA LOW 6 7 A master-planned community as heterotopia: The Villages, Florida 165 8 HUGH BARTLING 9 30111 The ‘institutionalization’ of heterotopias in Singapore 179 1 XAVIER GUILLOT 2 3 4 PART 5 5 Terrains vagues: transgression and urban activism 189 6 7 Public-space heterotopias: heterotopias of masculinity along 8 the Tel Aviv shoreline 191 9 40111 YAEL ALLWEIL AND RACHEL KALLUS 1 2 ‘. those marvellous empty zones on the edge of our cities’: 3 heterotopia and the ‘dead zone’ 203 44111 GIL DORON Contents ix 1111 Stalker unbounded: urban activism and the terrain vague as 2 heterotopia by default 215 3 PETER LANG 4 5 6 PART 6 7 Heterotopia in the splintering metropolis 225 8 9 ‘Rubbing the magic lamp’: heterotopian strategies in London’s 1011 eastern City fringe 227 1 2 MAUREEN HEYNS 3111 4 Flow Urbanism: the heterotopia of flows 247 5 LEE STICKELLS 6 7 Heterotopias of illusion: from Beaubourg to Bilbao and beyond 259 8 D. GRAHAME SHANE 9 20111 1 PART 7 2 Heterotopia after the polis 273 3 4 The heterotopian divide in Jakarta: constructing discourse, 5 constructing space 275 6 7 ROBERT COWHERD 8 9 Dubai offshore urbanism 287 30111 ALESSANDRO PETTI 1 2 ‘Dead society’ in a ‘cemetery city’: the transformation of burial 3 rites in Kinshasa 297 4 FILIP DE BOECK 5 6 7 Afterthoughts 309 8 Heterotopia unfolded? 311 9 HILDE HEYNEN 40111 1 2 Notes on contributors 325 3 Illustration credits 329 44111 Index 333 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 Acknowledgements 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 We wish to thank all the people who helped to organize the European 4 Association of Architectural Education (EAAE) colloquium, The Rise of 5 Heterotopia, held on 26–28 May 2005, which was jointly organized by the 6 Department of Architecture, Urban Design and Planning of the Katholieke 7 Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, and Eindhoven University of Technology, 8 the Netherlands. It is the origin of this book. First of all, we would like to 9 thank Hilde Heynen, Bruno De Meulder and André Loeckx, with whom 20111 we formed the organizing committee and who were inspiring sparring 1 partners during our evening meals at Hilde’s home. We thank Els Vervloesem 2 and Anja Janssen for helping with the practical organization of the event and 3 also the members of the scientific committee: Eric Corijn, Eric Swyngedouw, 4 Leen Van Duyn and D. Grahame Shane. We also have to thank the Research 5 Foundation, Flanders and the Philipsstipendium (Eindhoven University of 6 Technology), which helped to finance both our preliminary research and 7 the colloquium.