Presentation By: Delaney Houk, Andrew Fedmasu, & Zachary Handoklow ▪ Paterfamilia= oldest male of the household ▪ The paterfamilia had absolute power over the family. If their children angered them, they had the power to sell them into slavery, or even kill them. ▪ After the birth of a child the midwife would put the baby down and it would not be formally accepted into the family until the father picked it up. ▪ Sons were very important in a family, because they continued the family name. If the family did not have a son, they could adopt one or take a nephew to continue the family name. ▪ Only paterfamilias could own property in the roman society, and their sons could only receive an allowance, or peliculum, to manage their own households. ▪ They would serve in romes political, social, and religious life. ▪ In Mythology it says that Romans would raid neighboring towns and steal their wives. ▪ Women were married in their early teenage years whereas the men waited until mid- twenties. ▪ Assumable this was because a Roman woman was supposed to be beautiful (young) and pure until marriage. ▪ In many cases, Roman women were very important to their societies. They would take care of the house and nurture the kids. ▪ The wife would be called the "Matrina".They were expected to be subservient to the governing of males. ▪ Women could not hold political spots. Women could influence through their husbands. ▪ There was a difference between a respectable woman and a dishonorable one ▪ Being "respectable" didn’t just represent their social standing but also their actions ▪ Respectable women wore a long dress called a stola, a mantle (palla), and ties in their hair (vittae), while prostitutes wore a toga ▪ If a women were found guilty of adultery, a punishment would be for her to wear a toga ▪ 1 in 3 people in Italy were slaves ▪ 1 in 5 in the Roman Empire ▪ Slaves were taken from the losers in a battle and their children ▪ They also came from piracy and trade ▪ Slavery was not so much based on race but the overall degradation of people ▪ The wealthier the person, the more slaves they had ▪ They were sold in markets as merchandise ▪ There was extreme malnutrition and overwork ▪ 135-132 BCE ▪ Slave owners on modern day Sicily maintained their wealth by not providing enough food and clothing for their slaves ▪ Eunus led the plantation slaves to revolt. ▪ He believed that he was a prophet and thought that he would become king. ▪ Led 400 slaves to storm the city Enna ▪ Revolt spread, and he gained an army somewhere between 50,000- 200,000 men, women, and children ▪ The Roman army hit back and eventually, by 132 BCE, they put an end to the First Servile War ▪ 104-100 BCE ▪ Publius Licinius Nerva was ordered to release over 800 slaves in his province in Sicily but later revoked his order which caused the slaves to revolt ▪ Salvius and Athenion led the slaves ▪ Manius Aquillius defeated Athenion after the death of Salvius and 1,000 slaves ended up surrendering ▪ The slaves were sent to the arena for the entertainment of the Romans. It is said that the slaves refused to fight and instead killed each other swiftly until the last man standing ended himself. ▪ 73-71 BCE ▪ Started by 70 gladiators that escaped Lentulus Batiatus' school in Capua ▪ Included the famous gladiators Crixus, Oenomaus, Gannicus, and Spartacus who later become the leader of the revolt ▪ They had as many as 120,000 people in their army and were gathering numbers to attack Rome ▪ Clodius Glaber took charge trying to defeat the revolt, but failed. ▪ Marcus Licinius Crassus turned into a major power on the Roman side (even though Pompey got more credit) and eventually "cornered" the slaves ▪ Spartacus and his followers took a last stand, but the slaves were slaughtered and over 6,000 were crucified along Appian Way ▪ Julius Florus (74-130 AD) described the war in the Epitome of Roman History ▪ Kirwan, Christy. “Structure of the Roman Familia.” Owlcation, Owlcation, 12 Oct. 2015, www.owlcation.com/humanities/Structure-of-the-Roman-Familia. ▪ Cartwright, Mark. “Slavery in the Roman World.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 24 Sept. 2018, www.ancient.eu/article/629/slavery-in-the-roman- world/%20%E2%80%8B. ▪ US Legal, Inc. “Pater Familias Law and Legal Definition.” Fraud Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc., www.definitions.uslegal.com/p/pater-familias/. ▪ Cartwright, Mark. “The Role of Women in the Roman World.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 22 Sept. 2018, www.ancient.eu/article/659/the-role-of-women-in-the-roman- world/. ▪ “Family Life.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/family.html. ▪ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Third Servile War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 7 Dec. 2017, www.britannica.com/event/Gladiatorial-War#ref1251419. ▪ The Roman Servile Wars. www.thewargameszone.org/sites/141/pg/65/The-Roman-Servile-Wars.pdf..