Mobility, intercultural competence, cultural cooperation in the age of digital space Networking and virtual networking as a learning experience Training session conceived and held by Corina Suteu on behalf of On-The-Move/IETM/ENCATC READER A compilation of documents as background for the training of trainers session Helsinki, ENCATC Academy, September 2005 Bucharest, OTM/ECUMEST, November 2005 This initiative forms part of the G2CC (Gateway to Cultural Collaboration) project, supported by the European Union - Directorate General for Education and Culture (Dec2004-Dec2006) and is run in an active partnership with the four G2CC co-organisers: ERICarts Institute www.ericarts.org, European Cultural Foundation/Laboratory of European Cultural Cooperation www.eurocult.org, Fitzcarraldo Foundation www.fitzcarraldo.it/en, and On-the-move Association www.on-the-move.org The reader was compiled by the ECUMEST Association in Bucharest www.ecumest.ro. Contents Part 1: Interactive culture (culture in the virtual space) 1.1 Corina SUTEU: The meaning of culture 1.2 Corina SUTEU: Are there collectively held values in learning which are recognised in and shared by several cultures while remaining respectful of cultural distinctiveness? 1.3 Christophe GÉNIN: "Culture numérique": une contradiction dans les termes? 1.4 Don FORESTA: The New Renaissance - an Interactive Paradigm 1.5 Pierre LÉVY: The open networks of collective intelligence 1.6 Pierre LÉVY, Derrick De KERCKHOVE: "Two philosophers debate. Collective intelligence and connective intelligence: some reflections" 1.7 Mark PESCE: And a Child Shall Lead Them: Getting an Education in the Virtual University 1.8 Rob van KRANENBURG: The New Middle Ages Part 2: Mobility (interactive culture and networking) 2.1 Definitions and sources for arts mobility 2.1.1 Arts Council of England yearly report 2004 2.1.2 ELIA: Milestones document 2004 2.1.3 Mary Ann DeVLIEG: Concrete Actions for Mobility on the Culture Sector 2.1.4 Bibliography 2.2 Judith STAINES: Global Roaming mobility beyond Europe for professional artists and arts managers 2.3 Entretien avec Stéphane JUGUET: Mobilité et art urbain 2.4 Michel WESSELING: The dematerialization of the Library 2.5 Aleksandra UZELAC: Cultural Networks and Cultural Portals – is there a difference? 2.6 Case studies 2.6.1 MARCEL – Multimedia Arts Research Centres and Electronic Laboratories 2.6.2 NOKIA – culture of mobility 2.6.3 Büro Kopernikus: Mobile Academy in Warsaw Mobility, intercultural competence, cultural cooperation in the age of digital space READER. OTM/ENCATC Training Part 3 Cultural cooperation in the age of networking 3.1 Excerpts from the Council of Europe book 40 years of cultural co-operation 1954-94 (1998) 3.2 Corina SUTEU: Brief history of post WW2 cultural policies evolution in Europe 3.3 Corina SUTEU: The challenges of cultural cooperation in a wider European space and across the Mediterranean 3.4 Judith STAINES: Network solutions for cultural cooperation in Europe 3.5 Defining networks 3.6 Manifesto of the European Cultural Networks 3.7 Gudrun PEHN: Networking culture Part 4: Intercultural competence (connecting cultures) 4.1 A definition by Mary Ann DeVLIEG 4.2 Kevin ROBINS: Transcultural Diversities. Cultural Policy and Cultural Diversity 4.3 Corina SUTEU: Recommendations for a shared methodological approach to cultural diversity and related issues 4.4 Danielle CLICHE: Intercultural Dialogue, Cultural Policies and the Compendium. Proposing Indicators Part 1: Interactive culture (culture in the virtual space) READER for the training session Mobility, intercultural competence, cultural cooperation in the age of digital space Networking and virtual networking as a learning experience conceived and held by Corina Suteu on behalf of On-The-Move/IETM/ENCATC Helsinki, ENCATC Academy, September 2005 Bucharest, OTM/ECUMEST, November 2005 This initiative forms part of the G2CC (Gateway to Cultural Collaboration) project, supported by the European Union - Directorate General for Education and Culture (Dec2004-Dec2006) and is run in an active partnership with the four G2CC co-organisers: ERICarts Institute www.ericarts.org, European Cultural Foundation/Laboratory of European Cultural Cooperation www.eurocult.org, Fitzcarraldo Foundation www.fitzcarraldo.it/en, and On-the-move Association www.on-the-move.org Summary 1.1 Corina SUTEU: The meaning of culture 1.2 Corina SUTEU: Are there collectively held values in learning which are recognised in and shared by several cultures while remaining respectful of cultural distinctiveness? 1.3 Christophe GÉNIN: "Culture numérique": une contradiction dans les termes? 1.4 Don FORESTA: The New Renaissance - an Interactive Paradigm 1.5 Pierre LÉVY: The open networks of collective intelligence 1.6 Pierre LÉVY, Derrick De KERCKHOVE: "Two philosophers debate. Collective intelligence and connective intelligence: some reflections" 1.7 Mark PESCE: And a Child Shall Lead Them: Getting an Education in the Virtual University 1.8 Rob van KRANENBURG: The New Middle Ages 1.1 Corina SUTEU: The meanings of culture (excerpt)1 Corina Suteu is an independent consultant and researcher in the fields of cultural cooperation and cultural policies, president of the ECUMEST Association, Bucharest (www.ecumest.ro). ”Men may live more truly and fully in reading Plato and Shakespeare than in any other time, because then, they are participating in essential being and are forgetting their accidental lives” (Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind). ”In its broader sense, culture today can be viewed as a set of distinctive spiritual and material, intellectual and emotional characteristics which define a society or social group. In addition to the arts and letters, it encompasses ways of life, the fundamental rights of the person, value systems, traditions and beliefs”2. In their introduction to: ‘Balancing act: twenty one strategic dilemmas in cultural policy’3, authors define the two mainstream interpretations that historically, culture was given within the nation state western European systems: ‘culture as the arts or culture as a way of life’. While the first interpretation drives cultural policy actions to concentrate on the infrastructural development necessary to the deployment of the artistic activities (theatre, music, fine arts), the second case is more diffuse and identity oriented, as ‘distinctive way of life which distinguishes a German town from a French one…’ and accordingly, cultural activities concern a broader type of policy action, from folk dance to local food tradition… etc. At her turn, in her recently published study, French author Anne Marie Autissier4, remarks that, after the second World War culture was ‘convoked’ as a ‘critical reconciliation actor’ and is becoming today a ‘refuge’ face to a kind of ‘spiritual crisis’, an ‘ideal synthesis of commonly contradictory aspirations: resource for beauty, but also knowledge tool and pleasure provider, dialogue stimulator, but also job catalyst…’. Autissier insists upon the impossibility to define culture as the ‘federator’ of European identities, as long as, to continue Landry and Matarasso’s observations, ‘there is a perpetual and unresolved, but politically entertained ‘slippery balance’ between a ‘narrow’ meaning of culture as access to the arts and distribution of artistic goods and ‘large meaning’ of culture as ‘system of symbolical representations of a people and their way of life’5. Historically speaking, this two main, unstable ‘balancing’ meanings that shaped and guided cultural policy action lines through the 70s and beyond are well encompassed by the 1972 momentum. Then are formulated, by a group of decision makers and intellectuals, during a symposium organized by UNESCO, the European Cultural Foundation and the French ministry 1 Excerpt from Another brick in the wall - a review of cultural management and cultural policy training in Europe, in print at Boekmanstichting, Amsterdam. 2 UNESCO world conference on cultural policies, Mexico, 1982. 3 Matarasso, F. and Charles Landry (1999), Balancing Act: twenty one strategic dilemmas in cultural policy, Starsbourg, Council of Europe, policy note no 4, Cultural Policy research and development Unit. 4 Autissier, A. M (2005), L’Europe de la culture’, histoire(s) et enjeux, Paris, Babel (Maison des cultures du monde). 5 Autissier, in French original: ‘Convoquée comme facteur de reconciliation après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, (…) la culture constituerait la synthèse idéale de plusieurs aspirations reputes contradictories: source de beauté, outil de connaissance, mais aussi de plaisir, créatrice de dialogue, mais aussi d’emplois…(…) deux facteurs récents contribuent à éloigner encore l’image (ou la réalité) d’une culture fédératrice: le glissement perpetual et politiquement entretenu de la définition de la culture comme système commun de diffusion des arts à celle dite ‘plus large’ de la culture en tant que l’ensemble des représentations symboliques de l’existence d’un people, d’un mode de vie’’, idem, ibidem, p. 20. 6 Mobility, intercultural competence, cultural cooperation in the age of digital space READER. OTM/ENCATC Training of culture in Arc-et-Senans (France), the prospects of cultural development in Europe. The conference concluded with a document, known as the “Arc-et-Senans Declaration”6. Some of its contents are worth noting here: “The heavy responsibility which has fallen onto our shoulders (cultural operators and mediators at different levels of action and decision) and the technical possibilities now