REVEGETATION Section Editor: Mickey Steward Handbook of Western Reclamation Techniques, Second Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 5: VEGETATION ................................................................................................................ 1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Establishing and Implementing a Revegetation Program ........................................................... 2 1. Preparing a Revegetation Package ......................................................................................... 2 Applicability ............................................................................................................................... 2 Special Considerations ............................................................................................................. 2 Techniques ................................................................................................................................ 2 a. Field Tour ..................................................................................................................... 2 b. Decisions and Planning ................................................................................................ 2 c. Revegetation Package ................................................................................................. 2 (1) Maps ......................................................................................................................... 3 (2) Revegetation Unit Requirements .............................................................................. 3 TABLE B-1-1. Example of Unit Activities from a Revegetation Package ................................. 4 (3) Seed Mixes ............................................................................................................... 5 TABLE B-1-2. EXAMPLE OF SEED MIX DESIGNATION: PERMANENT GRAZINGLAND ... 6 2. Cultivation Practices ................................................................................................................ 7 Applicability ............................................................................................................................... 7 Special Considerations ............................................................................................................. 7 Technique ................................................................................................................................. 7 a. Methods of Cultivation .................................................................................................. 7 (1) Plowing ..................................................................................................................... 7 (2) Chisel Plowing .......................................................................................................... 7 (3) Disking ...................................................................................................................... 7 (4) Rotary Hoeing ........................................................................................................... 8 (5) Subsoiling ................................................................................................................. 8 (6) Harrowing ................................................................................................................. 8 (7) Cultipacking .............................................................................................................. 8 (8) Rolling ....................................................................................................................... 8 b. Husbandry .................................................................................................................... 8 c. Safety ........................................................................................................................... 9 d. Tolerances .................................................................................................................... 9 (1) Disking ...................................................................................................................... 9 (2) Cultipacking .............................................................................................................. 9 (3) Rolling ..................................................................................................................... 10 3. Drill Seeding Practices ........................................................................................................... 10 Applicability ............................................................................................................................. 10 Special Considerations ........................................................................................................... 10 Technique ............................................................................................................................... 11 a. Three common types of drill seeders are: .................................................................. 11 (1) Grain Drill ................................................................................................................ 11 (2) Grass Drill ............................................................................................................... 11 (3) No-till Drill ............................................................................................................... 11 b. Method ....................................................................................................................... 11 i c. Tolerances .................................................................................................................. 11 (1) Seed Mixing ............................................................................................................ 11 (2) Seed Depth ............................................................................................................. 12 4. Hydroseeding Practices ......................................................................................................... 15 Applicability ............................................................................................................................. 15 Special Considerations ........................................................................................................... 15 Technique ............................................................................................................................... 15 a. When to Hydroseed .................................................................................................... 15 (1) Trashy Seed ........................................................................................................... 15 (2) Seed Enhanced by Light ........................................................................................ 15 (3) Seed with Low PLS ................................................................................................ 15 (4) Mulch Application ................................................................................................... 15 (5) Safety ..................................................................................................................... 15 b. Methods ...................................................................................................................... 16 (1) Avoid Seed Damage ............................................................................................... 16 (2) Attain Complete Seed Coverage ............................................................................ 16 (3) Mulch ...................................................................................................................... 16 c. Tolerances .................................................................................................................. 16 (1) Seed Mixing ............................................................................................................ 16 (2) Seed Density .......................................................................................................... 16 Applicability ............................................................................................................................. 17 Special Considerations ........................................................................................................... 17 Technique ............................................................................................................................... 17 a. Application Rates and Methods .................................................................................. 17 (1) Nurse Crop ............................................................................................................. 17 (2) Cover Crop ............................................................................................................. 17 (3) Native Hay .............................................................................................................. 17 (4) Straw ...................................................................................................................... 18 (5) Wood Fiber ............................................................................................................. 18 (6) Paper Fiber ............................................................................................................