Zootaxa 3918 (3): 339–396 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53D764C6-8AA8-4621-9B2B-DB32141CA0D7 A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World PHILIPPE V. ALVES1, FABIANO M. VIEIRA2, CLÁUDIA P. SANTOS3, TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ4 & JOSÉ L. LUQUE2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23851-970, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74.540, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23851-970, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 31, 370 05, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A checklist of records of aspidogastrean trematodes (Aspidogastrea) is provided on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the literature since 1826, when the first aspidogastrean species was reported, until December 2014. We list 61 species representing 13 genera within 4 families and 2 orders of aspidogastreans associated with 298 species of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. The majority of records include bivalves (44% of the total number of host-parasite associations), whereas records from bony fishes represent 32% of host-parasite associations. The aspidogastreans have worldwide distribution, with the highest number of records in the Neartic Region for freshwater hosts and the North Atlantic Ocean for marine ones. The checklist includes a parasite-host list with data on host habitat, site of infection and distribution area of parasites, and a host-parasite list. A limited number of molecular studies on aspidogastreans does not allow us to unravel phyloge- netic relationships within the Aspidogastrea. Key words: Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Aspidogastridae, Multicalycidae, Rugogastridae, Stichocotylidae Introduction Aspidogastrean trematodes are a small group of parasitic flatworms (Neodermata) with worldwide distribution, characterized by having a ventral holdfast organ with rows of alveoli or suckerlets, or just presenting a row of rugae or suckers (Rohde 2005). Aspidogastreans parasitize molluscs as obligate hosts and vertebrates (fishes and turtles) as facultative or obligate final hosts (Rohde 2002); they represent the most basal group of trematodes (Trematoda) (Olson et al. 2003). The first described species of aspidogastrideans was Aspidogaster conchicola von Baer, 1826 recovered from the pericardial cavity of unionid mussels of the genera Anodonta Lamarck and Unio Retzius in Prussia, a historical region of Germany (currently part of Poland and the Kaliningrad Region of Russia). Since then, several attempts have been made to classify these trematodes that possess a peculiar ventral attachment apparatus. In a first attempt to classify the Trematoda, Burmeister (1856) suggested the division of them into three groups (Pectobothrii, Malacobothrii and Aspidobothrii); the last one was proposed to accommodate the genus Aspidogaster von Baer. However, some authors (Cunningham 1884, 1887) considered the group to belong to polystomids (currently a subclass of the Monogenea) or used the name Aspidobothrea Monticelli for this group. Thereafter, several new genera and species were erected (Leidy 1857; Olsson 1869; Cunningham 1884). A new classification was proposed by Monticelli (1892) based on a critical review of Burmeister’s (1856) classification, with the suborder Aspidocotylea Monticelli replacing the former terms for aspidogastreans, including the single family Aspidobothridae Monticelli. The etymology of Aspidocotylea is stemming from inclusion of Aspidocotylus Diesing into the group. However, this genus clearly does not belong to aspidogastreans and it was excluded by several authors (Faust & Tang 1936; Dollfus 1956, 1958a; Yamaguti 1963; Rohde 1972). At present, it is considered to be a digenean genus incertae sedis within the Paramphistomoidea (Jones 2005). Accepted by N. Dronen: 19 Dec. 2014; published: 12 Feb. 2015 339 within them (Littlewood 2006). More robusts analyses based on morphological and molecular data (including multigenes) are necessary to clarify the relationships within Aspidogastrea and thus to improve our knowledge on the evolution of both aspidogastrean and digenetic trematodes. Acknowledgments This study was supported partially by the “Ciência sem fronteiras” Brazilian program-visitant researcher modality (No. 135/2012; stay of T. Scholz at the Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro). Philippe Vieira Alves was supported by a fellowship from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico). Fabiano Matos Vieira was supported by a Postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior). José Luis Luque and Cláudia Portes Santos were supported by a research fellowship from CNPq. The authors are grateful to Blanka Škoríková of the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the AS CR, České Budějovice for providing Russian literature. References Abdel-Salam, F.A. & Aboul-Dahab, H.M. (1994) An aspidogastrian parasite, Aspidogaster niloticus sp. nov. from molluscan host, River Nile, Egypt. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 31, 86‒95. Aboul-Dahab, H.M., Abd El-Salam, F.A. & El-Damarany, M.E. 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