Usage of Standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed An Industrial Internet Consortium White Paper Version 1.0 2020-06-29 Usage of Standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed CONTENT 1 Standards Overview ............................................................................................................... 6 2 Smart Factory Web Architecture ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 Asset Definition ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Describing a Factory in AML................................................................................................... 12 2.3 The Asset Graph View ............................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Factory Registration ............................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Cloud Integration ................................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Implementation Status .......................................................................................................... 32 3 Detailed Description of Standards Usage............................................................................. 34 3.1 AutomationML ...................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 AML and OPC UA ................................................................................................................... 37 3.3 SensorThings API ................................................................................................................... 39 3.4 Reference Model for Industrie 4.0 Service Architectures ....................................................... 42 Annex A Overview of OPC UA .......................................................................................... 43 Annex B Overview of OGC SensorThings API ................................................................... 46 Annex C Assets in I4.0 ..................................................................................................... 49 C.1 Sub-models and Properties .................................................................................................... 50 C.2 Identifiers .............................................................................................................................. 51 Annex D Acronyms .......................................................................................................... 52 Annex E References ......................................................................................................... 53 Authors and Legal Notice ......................................................................................................... 56 - ii - Usage of Standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed FIGURES Figure 1: Basic classification of service types............................................................................................ 8 Figure 2: Connections between the factories to the Smart Factory Web Portal and the Azure IoT Cloud .. 8 Figure 3: Fundamental ontology of Smart Factory Web ......................................................................... 10 Figure 4: Example sub-classes of capability ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 5: Extended ontology of Smart Factory Web including concepts for products and supply chains . 12 Figure 6: AutomationML structure. Source: [OPC 2016] ......................................................................... 13 Figure 7: Structure of the AutomationML example “CandyFactory” ....................................................... 14 Figure 8: AutomationML role class lib for capabilities ............................................................................ 15 Figure 9: AMLExtractor request and response. ...................................................................................... 16 Figure 10: Part of the Asset description for the Candy Factory ............................................................... 17 Figure 11 Asset Graph View ................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 12 Filter objects to omit properties ............................................................................................. 18 Figure 13: Set factory coordinates ......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 14: Integration of a factory into the clouds Smart Factory Web and Azure .................................. 20 Figure 15: Integration of factory A and B into Smart Factory Web with OPC UA configured with AML .... 21 Figure 16: Factory integration into Smart Factory Web .......................................................................... 22 Figure 17: AutomationML example for the demo factory in Karlsruhe ................................................... 23 Figure 18: A part of the OPC UA information model for the AutomationML example ............................ 23 Figure 19: Functioning of the AML2UA converter .................................................................................. 24 Figure 20: Extended AML2UA converter - Multi-level conversion ........................................................... 25 Figure 21: AML2UA generation algorithm with change management for multi-level AML files ............... 26 Figure 22: Part of the JSON configuration file for two OPC UA Nodes ..................................................... 28 Figure 23: Part of the JSON configuration file for the candy factory example ......................................... 30 Figure 24: Secure Data Flow in MS Azure ............................................................................................... 32 Figure 25: Conceptual Mapping (simplified) ........................................................................................... 35 Figure 26: Thing definition ..................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 27: Datastream definition ........................................................................................................... 41 Figure 28: An Observation of a Datastream ........................................................................................... 41 Figure 29: Base metamodel of Nodes (OPC UA Part 3, Fig. B.4) .............................................................. 45 - iii - Usage of Standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed Figure 30: Entities in SensorThings API Part 1 [OGC 2016] ...................................................................... 48 Figure 31: Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) [DIN 2016a] ...................................... 49 Figure 32: Basic structure of the AAS [I4.0 2019, Fig. 132] ...................................................................... 50 Figure 33: Data Specification Template in I4.0 AAS [I4.0 2019, Fig. 44] ................................................... 51 TABLES Table 1: Main standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed .................................................................... 6 Table 2: Smart Factory Web functions ................................................................................................... 34 Table 3: Mandatory Entities linked to a Datastream in SensorThings API ............................................... 39 Table 4: Properties of a Datastream in SensorThings API ....................................................................... 40 Table 5: NodeClass types in OPC UA ...................................................................................................... 45 - iv - Usage of Standards in the Smart Factory Web Testbed Standards Overview Smart Factory Web (SFW) is a platform that connects smart factories through a manufacturing marketplace to enable flexible usage of assets, such as in a supply chain. Factories can register with SFW by describing their manufacturing capabilities, for example in terms of the products they produce or in terms of the processes they offer. Potential business partners such as other factories can search the SFW for factories with the desired capabilities. The business partner can then place an order on the selected factory, say Factory A; the order includes the precise specifications of customized products or services. Factory A may have to adapt or configure its production facilities to meet the order. The actual manufacturing process can be monitored; upon completion the product is delivered to the recipient agreed with the business partner. Factories need to adapt and respond to orders as efficiently as possible, especially for small lot sizes. This implies minimal manual configuration, which can only be achieved in a sustainable way by using widely accepted standards. SFW requires standards in the following areas: • communication between factories and the SFW, • communication between factories and other cloud platforms for monitoring of production steps, • description of factory capabilities and • communication between factories to exchange product, order and capability information. This document describes the usage of the principal pivotal standards in the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)