Vancouver Gang Violence: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS DR. KEIRON MCCONNELL KWANTLEN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY 2 2 VANCOUVER GANG VIOLENCE: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AUTHOR Dr. Keiron McConnell ABSTRACT This article provides a historical description of key gangs and relevant events in BC, focusing on Vancouver, from 1909 to 2012 with a focus on the main incidents and themes of violence. A primary goal of this article is to dismiss the delusion that we are a more violent society today than ever before and face the harsh reality that violence and gangs in Vancouver are not new, nor are they a product of this new generation. While this nostalgic view of the past may be pleasing to our memories, an examination of newspapers and historical police documents suggests that violence in BC has been relatively constant for more than a century. From 1909 to 2012, gangs were consistently violent: there were murders, shootings, and gang fights. Innocent bystanders were shot, maimed, injured, and killed. Policymakers can’t blame the new generation, media, police, video games, or rap music – it has always been a part of our social fabric. This recognition is important to our current understanding of the gang landscape in Vancouver and our responses to these violent affronts to our society. KEY WORDS Gang; crime; gang violence; police; shooting; violence; murder; drug trade; organized crime; gang unit; history; drug trade; biker; Vancouver; Lower Mainland; British Columbia. 3 3 Table of Contents The Early Years ........................................................................................................5 The 1950s and 1960s: The Era of the Park Gangs ......................................................5 The Early Asian Gangs .............................................................................................6 The 1980s ................................................................................................................7 Multi-ethnic street gangs. ............................................................................................................... 7 Pivotal incidents ............................................................................................................................. 8 The 1990s .............................................................................................................. 10 The Russians, the Asians, and the Hells Angels go to war. ........................................................... 10 Time to behave, triads warn. ........................................................................................................ 11 …One more chance to get the Russians. ....................................................................................... 12 The Dosanjh brothers’ demise ...................................................................................................... 12 Bindy Johal’s Domination ........................................................................................ 12 Bar Watch created. ...................................................................................................................... 13 Bindy Johal’s death. ..................................................................................................................... 14 The Vietnamese and Indo-Canadian Years .............................................................. 15 The first Alkhalil is killed. .............................................................................................................. 17 Hells Angel murdered. .................................................................................................................. 17 Fiftieth Indo-Canadian murdered from gang violence. ................................................................... 17 The Loft Six shooting: Death of second Alkhalil. ........................................................................... 18 Marijuana growth industry. ........................................................................................................... 19 Murder of good Samaritan Rachel Davis. ..................................................................................... 19 Vancouver Police create pilot Firearms Interdiction Team (FIT). ................................................... 19 British Columbia Integrated Gang Task Force created .................................................................. 20 More Indo-Canadian deaths ......................................................................................................... 20 Death of Innocent Lee Matasi. ...................................................................................................... 21 The McMynn kidnapping .............................................................................................................. 21 Recent Violent Years .............................................................................................. 21 Dover Park shooting and death of innocent Holifield. .................................................................... 21 Fortune Happiness shooting ......................................................................................................... 22 Surrey six murders. ...................................................................................................................... 22 Violence Suppression Team created ............................................................................................ 23 Gotham shooting. ......................................................................................................................... 23 Oakridge Mall shooting................................................................................................................. 25 “Gangcouver.” .............................................................................................................................. 26 “There is a gang war and it’s brutal.” ............................................................................................. 27 Hit to the United Nations gang, American-justice style .................................................................. 28 The Dhak/Duhre gang versus the Red Scorpions, Independent Soldiers, and Hells Angels. .......... 28 Chapter Conclusion ................................................................................................ 31 References ............................................................................................................ 32 4 4 Preface On the evening of Saturday, January 19, 2008, Ricky Scarpino, his fiancé, and his bodyguard were driving to Gotham, the premier steakhouse in Vancouver. As Scarpino parked outside of the restaurant, two gunmen emerged from the shadows and shot wildly into his luxury SUV, killing him and his bodyguard instantly (Proctor, 1996; O’Connor, 2008). I was one of the first attending police officers and supervised the crime scene. When four tactical armed officers arrived, I ordered them into the restaurant to check on the patrons’ welfare, only to be confronted by another suspect exiting the restaurant with a pistol. As the police officers raised their assault rifles, he dropped the handgun (Grindlay, 2008). Several politicians, tycoons, philanthropists, and even a Hollywood movie star were enjoying their dinner when the chaos of BC gang violence invaded their peaceful evening (Spencer, 2008). In response to this, and other incidents of gang crime, the media bemoaned how dangerous the times are. In February 2009, the RCMP’s then-Deputy Commissioner, Gary Bass, stated that BC was experiencing “unprecedented levels of violence” (Vancouver Sun, 2009). This sentiment was further exaggerated by Wally Oppal, BC’s Attorney General at the time, who said that “the shootings are an unparalleled wave of violence” (Vancouver Sun, 2009). Both of these well-connected, informed, and respected leaders suggested that gang violence is new and has never been seen before. Through objectively collected evidence, I will demonstrate in this chapter that the violence committed by and between gangs has remained historically consistent in BC. In fact, the RCMP publication Youth Gangs and Guns (Clark, 2006) indicates that there was no real onset of youth gangs in Vancouver until 1979 (p. 26). I show that gangs were in BC much earlier than the 1970s. This article provides a historical description of key gangs and relevant events in BC, focusing on Vancouver, from 1909 to 2012. The breadth of this thesis does not allow for a comprehensive examination of the last century, so I’ll focus on the main incidents and themes of violence. A primary goal of this article is to dismiss the delusion that we are a more violent society today than ever before. While this nostalgic view of the past may be pleasing to our memories, an examination of newspapers and historical police documents suggests that violence in BC has been relatively constant for more than a century. 5 5 The Early Years Gangs are not a new phenomenon in BC; they were reported as early as 1909, with the first significant waves emerging in Vancouver in the 1920s (Young, 1993). These were considered “corner lounger” gangs who profited from burglaries and thefts, with some use of firearms during robberies. They were geographically based; for example, the Collingwood Street Gang and the Cordova Street Gang. In the 1920s and 1930s, police focussed on the opium dens, gambling dens, and other illegal activities of Chinese immigrants. In 1928, Shue Moy, a well-known Vancouver gangster and gambler, was