Ecologically sustainable housing and transporting in Pune, India Anna Friestedt Kristin Sjövall THESIS FOR BSC 2006 CIVIL ENGINEERING Ecologically sustainable housing and transporting in Pune, India Ekologiskt hållbar hus- och transportplanering i Pune, Indien Anna Friestedt Kristin Sjövall This thesis is written at the Department of Civil Engineering at the School of Engineering, Jönköping University. The thesis is the final part of the engineering education. The authors themselves are individually responsible for presented opinions, conclusions and results. Supervisor at ING: Mats Engberg Examinator: Mats Engberg Level: 10 p (Bachelors degree) Date: 2006-06-16 Abstract Abstract This thesis is the result of a final project work carried out by Anna Friestedt and Kristin Sjövall during the spring semester of 2006. The purpose of this work is to investigate in what ways the Indian city Pune is working towards ecological sustainability within the fields of housing and transporting. The work contains a case study of an area in Pune called Magarpatta City. The report is split into four parts. First, laws and regulations both in Sweden and in India that concern ecologically sustainable development are presented. Second, an explanation on existing solutions within housing and transporting in Pune follows, later specified details concerning the case study in Magarpatta City is presented and finally this is analysed. Pune is in many ways working to improve their ways of ecologically sustainable development. In India, and Pune, there are several laws and regulations to regulate sustainable development. Unfortunately it has been a long time since these laws and regulations were updated and by doing so one might achieve sustainability. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) has many projects on the go to improve the city environmentally. PMC has brought out an Eco-housing concept which promotes a more ecological way of building. The concept makes it easier for private builders to get a bank loan if the construction is considering several eco-friendly aspects. To achieve more houses constructed in an eco-friendly way Pune and India are in the need of more pilot projects showing eco-friendly materials and construction techniques. PMC is also taking decisions in how to transform the public transportation system to a more environmentally sustainable one. Several different transportations systems are under evaluation. After our time in Pune our meaning is that the Bus Rapid Transit system is the most cost efficient one to implement in Pune. Magarpatta City is an area in Pune that is developed considering the concept ‘walk-to-work and walk-to-school’. The area has made many efforts towards ecological sustainability and is probably the best area in Pune, as well as in all of India, to do a case study at, in the aspect of ecological sustainable housing and transporting. i Sammanfattning Sammanfattning Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört av Anna Friestedt och Kristin Sjövall under vårterminen 2006. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka på vilka sätt den indiska staden Pune arbetar med ekologisk hållbar utveckling i områdena husbyggnation och trafikplanering samt utföra en fallstudie på ett område kallat Magarpatta City beläget i Pune. Arbetet har utmynnat i fyra huvuddelar. Inledande tas upp vilka lagar och förordningar som finns i det svenska respektive indiska systemet. Sedan presenteras på vilka sätt Pune eftersträvar ekologiskt hållbar utveckling inom områdena husbyggnation och transportplanering. Därefter följer en fallstudie av området Magarpatta City där deras lösningar och system tas upp. Avslutande diskuteras det nuvarande systemen och förslag på förbättringsmöjligheter presenteras. Under vår tid i Indien har vi sett att Pune på många sätt arbetar för ekologisk hållbar utveckling. I Indien och Pune finns ett antal lagar och förordningar som styr åt vilket håll utvecklingen bör gå. Tyvärr var det länge sedan många av dessa lagar uppdaterades, så för att bli mer ekologiskt hållbara bör de revideras. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC, motsvarar kommunen) har tagit fram ett eco-housing koncept där de främjar ett mer ekologisk byggande genom att göra det enklare för privatpersoner att få banklån om de tar hänsyn till ett antal parametrar som bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. För att främja ekologiskt byggande behöver Pune och Indien pilotprojekt som visar ekologiskt hållbara material och konstruktionslösningar. PMC arbetar även med att besluta hur de ska förändra det kommunala transportsystemet till att bli ett mer ekologiskt hållbart sådant. Flera olika system utvärderas för närvarande. Efter våra veckor i Pune har vi kommit fram till att Bus Rapid Transit troligtvis är det mest kostnadseffektiva systemet att arbeta vidare med. Visserligen krävs speciella filer för bussarna och plats på de existerande gatorna är något som Pune inte har gott om, men det behövs förutom det minimalt med investering, ingen räls eller tunnelbana. Området Magarpatta City i Pune är uppbyggt kring konceptet ’gå-till-jobbet’ och ’gå-till- skolan’. Det har i området på många sätt arbetats med ekologisk hållbarhet och är troligtvis det bästa området i Pune, såväl som i hela Indien, att utföra en fallstudie på rörande ekologiskt hållbar husbyggnation och transportplanering. Nyckelord • Ekologisk hållbar utveckling • Husbyggnation • Transport planering • Indien • Pune • Magarpatta City ii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This report has been taking place in Pune during the hot Indian summer of 2006. The new and unknown environment have made impacts on both us and our report in terms of adjusting to a different way of living, unreliable power supply and difficulty in knowing where to find answers to our questions. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Rakesh Kumar Jain, Professor at D.Y. Patil College of Engineering in Pune for guidance through the thesis work. To Dr. Vikram Ghole, Professor at department of Chemistry, Pune University we send our appreciation for helping us settling down at the University and always being there when we were in the need of help. We would like to give special credit to Professor Mats Engberg, School of Engineering, Jönköping University for guidance in the process of choosing topic of this thesis. He has been of great support through the entire writing process, always encouraging and giving us good advices. Our greatest appreciation goes to Maria Svensson and Fredrik Bertilsson in Pune, for taking us under their wings when we were in the need of help. And finally many thanks to family and friends who has read and commented on our report, it has been of invaluable help! Anna Friestedt & Kristin Sjövall Pune, 2006-05-13 iii Table of contents Table of contents 1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1 2 Method ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Interviews.................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Literature ..................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Internet .....................................................................................................................................5 2.4 Case Study................................................................................................................................5 3 Theoretical background ................................................................................... 6 3.1 Ecological and Sustainable Development................................................................................6 3.2 World Scenario.........................................................................................................................7 3.3 Swedish Scenario.....................................................................................................................8 3.4 Indian Scenario.......................................................................................................................11 4 Housing in Pune .............................................................................................. 15 4.1 Eco-friendly Building Constructions .....................................................................................16 4.1.1 Building Materials ..........................................................................................................................16 4.1.2 Construction Technologies .............................................................................................................18 4.2 Energy Efficiency...................................................................................................................21 5 Transporting in Pune...................................................................................... 25 5.1 Sustainable Transporting........................................................................................................25 5.2 Road Materials.......................................................................................................................26 5.3 Working towards Sustainable Transporting...........................................................................27 5.4 Other Eco-friendly Solutions .................................................................................................30 6 Magarpatta