World Population

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Our shared treasure<a href="javascript:goToDonationPage('collapsed')" target="_blank">. </a><a href="javascript:goToDonationPage('collapsed')" target="_blank">Help us protect it. </a>World population From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#column-one" target="_blank">: </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#column-one" target="_blank">navigation</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#column-one" target="_blank">, </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#searchInput" target="_blank">search </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density" target="_blank">Population density </a>(people per km²) by country, 2006 Population by region as a percentage of world population (1750–2005) The world population is the total number of living <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" target="_blank">humans </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" target="_blank">on </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" target="_blank">Earth </a>at a given time. As of 29 November 2009, the Earth'<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population" target="_blank">s </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population" target="_blank">population </a>is estimated by <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" target="_blank">the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" target="_blank">United States Census Bureau </a>to be 6.8 billi<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-0" target="_blank">on.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-0" target="_blank">[1] </a>The world population has been growing continuously since the end of <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" target="_blank">the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" target="_blank">Black </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" target="_blank">Death </a>around <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-1" target="_blank">1400.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[2] </a>The fastest rates of <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth" target="_blank">world population growth </a>(above 1.8%) were seen briefly during the 1950s then for a longer period during the 1960s and 1970s (see <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_population_increase_history.svg" target="_blank">graph</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_population_increase_history.svg" target="_blank">). </a>According to population projections, world population will continue <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth" target="_blank">to </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth" target="_blank">grow </a>until at least 2050. The 2008 rate of growth has almost halved since its peak of 2.2% per year, which was reached in 1963. World births have levelled off at about 134 million per year, since their peak at 163- million in the late 1990s, and are expected to remain constant. However, deaths are only around 57 million per year, and are expected to increase to 90 million by the year 2050. Because births outnumber deaths, the world's populati<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population_estimates" target="_blank">on is </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population_estimates" target="_blank">expected to reach </a>about 9 billion by the year 2040.[3][4] Contents <a href="javascript:toggleToc()" target="_blank">[</a><a href="javascript:toggleToc()" target="_blank">hide</a><a href="javascript:toggleToc()" target="_blank">] </a>1 Population figures <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Rate_of_increase" target="_blank">2 Rate of increase </a>ooo<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Models" target="_blank">2.1 Models </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Milestones" target="_blank">2.2 Milestones </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Years_for_population_to_double" target="_blank">2.3 Years for population to double </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Distribution" target="_blank">3 Distribution </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Most_populous_nations" target="_blank">4 Most populous nations </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Ethnicity" target="_blank">5 Ethnicity </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Demographics_of_youth" target="_blank">6 Demographics of youth </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Forecast" target="_blank">7 Forecast </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Predictions_based_on_population_growth" target="_blank">8 Predictions based on population growth </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Number_of_humans_who_have_ever_lived" target="_blank">9 Number of humans who have ever lived </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#See_also" target="_blank">10 See also </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Further_resources" target="_blank">11 Further resources </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#References" target="_blank">12 References </a>13 External links <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=1" target="_blank">[</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=1" target="_blank">edit</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=1" target="_blank">] </a>Population figures Further information: <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population_estimates" target="_blank">World population estimates </a>A dramatic population bottleneck is theorized for the period around 70,000 BC (see Toba <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory" target="_blank">catastrophe theory</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory" target="_blank">). A</a>fter this time and until the development of agriculture, it is estimated that the world population stabilized at about one million people whose subsistence entailed hunting and foraging, a lifestyle that by its nature ensured a low population density. It is estimated that over 55 million people lived in the combined eastern and western <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" target="_blank">Roman Empire </a>(AD 300– <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-4" target="_blank">400).</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-4" target="_blank">[5] </a>The <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" target="_blank">Plague of Justinian </a>ca<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" target="_blank">used </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" target="_blank">Europe's population </a>to drop by around 50% between 541 a<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-5" target="_blank">nd the 700s.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-5" target="_blank">[6] </a>The population of the world was more than 440 million in 1340. The <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" target="_blank">Black </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" target="_blank">Death </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic" target="_blank">pandemic </a>in the 14th century may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 14<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-6" target="_blank">00.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-6" target="_blank">[7] </a>It took roughly 200 years for Europe's population to regain its 1340 level.[8] At the founding of the Ming dynasty <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" target="_blank">in 1368, </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" target="_blank">China</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" target="_blank">'</a>s population was reported to be close to 60 million, and toward the end of the dynasty in 1644 it might have approached 150 mill<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-8" target="_blank">ion.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-8" target="_blank">[9] </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" target="_blank">England</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" target="_blank">'</a>s population reached an estimated 5.6 million in 1650, up from an estimated 2.6 million <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-9" target="_blank">in 1500.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-9" target="_blank">[10] </a>New crops that had c<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" target="_blank">ome to </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" target="_blank">Asia </a>a<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" target="_blank">nd </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" target="_blank">Europe </a>from the Americas via the Spanish colonizers in the 16th century contributed to the population grow<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-10" target="_blank">th.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-10" target="_blank">[11][12] </a>Since being introduced by Portuguese traders in the 16th century<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-12" target="_blank">,</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-12" target="_blank">[13] </a>maize a<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manioc" target="_blank">nd </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manioc" target="_blank">manioc </a>have replaced tradit<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" target="_blank">ional </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" target="_blank">African </a>crops as the continent’s most important staple food c<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-13" target="_blank">rops.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-13" target="_blank">[14] </a>Alfred W. Crosby speculated that increased production of maize, manioc, and other American crops "enable<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_trader" target="_blank">d the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_trader" target="_blank">slave traders </a>drew many, perhaps most, of their cargoes from the rain forest areas, precisely those areas where American crops enabled heavier settlement than before."[15] Scholars estimate that between 900,000 and 18 million people inhabited North America north of present-day Mexico at the time of European contac<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-15" target="_blank">t.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-15" target="_blank">[16] </a>Cities with at least one million inhabitants in 2006. In 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, a figure that has risen to 47% by the end of the twentieth century. Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local epidemics of extraordinary virulence. Archaeological evidence indicates that the death of 90 to 95% of <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_American_indigenous_peoples" target="_blank">the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_American_indigenous_peoples" target="_blank">Native American population </a>of the <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" target="_blank">New World </a>was caused by <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World" target="_blank">Old World </a>diseases such a<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox" target="_blank">s </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox" target="_blank">smallpox</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox" target="_blank">, mea</a>sles, and influenza<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-16" target="_blank">.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[17] </a>Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of immunity to these diseases, while the indigenous peoples had no such immunity.[18] During the <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" target="_blank">Agricultural </a>a<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" target="_blank">nd </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" target="_blank">Industrial Revolutions</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" target="_blank">, the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy" target="_blank">life expectancy </a>of children increased dramatically<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-18" target="_blank">.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-18" target="_blank">[19] </a>The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74.5% in 1730-1749 to 31.8% in 1810-18<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-Buer-19" target="_blank">29.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-Buer-19" target="_blank">[20][21] </a>Europe<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" target="_blank">’s </a>population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-21" target="_blank">.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-21" target="_blank">[22] </a>The population growth became more rapid after the introduction of compulsory <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination" target="_blank">vaccination </a>and improvements in medicine and sanitati<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-22" target="_blank">on.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-22" target="_blank">[23][24][</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-24" target="_blank">25] </a>As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britain's population doubled every 50 yea<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-25" target="_blank">rs.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-25" target="_blank">[26] </a>By <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_of_England" target="_blank">1801 the </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_of_England" target="_blank">population of England </a>had grown to 8.3 million, and by 1901 had grown to 30.5 million.[27] The population of the <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" target="_blank">Indian subcontinent</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" target="_blank">, whic</a>h stood at about 125 million in 1750, had reached 389 million by 1<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-27" target="_blank">941.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-27" target="_blank">[28] </a>The region is currently home to 1.5 billion pe<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-28" target="_blank">ople.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-28" target="_blank">[29] </a>The total number of inhabita<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java" target="_blank">nts of </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java" target="_blank">Java </a>increased from about 5 million in 1815 to more than 130 million in the early 21st century<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-29" target="_blank">.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-29" target="_blank">[30] </a>Mexico<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" target="_blank">'</a>s population has grown from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2009.[31] Below is a <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table" target="_blank">table </a>with historical and predicte<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population" target="_blank">d </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population" target="_blank">population </a>figures shown in milli<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-unpp-31" target="_blank">ons.</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-unpp-31" target="_blank">[32][33][</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-autogenerated1-33" target="_blank">34][35] </a>The availability of historical population figures varies by region. World historical and predicted populations (in millions<a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-35" target="_blank">)</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-35" target="_blank">[36] </a>Region World Africa Asia 1750 791 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1800 </li><li style="flex:1">1850 </li><li style="flex:1">1900 </li><li style="flex:1">1950 </li><li style="flex:1">1999 </li><li style="flex:1">2008 </li><li style="flex:1">2050 </li><li style="flex:1">2150 </li></ul>978 1,262 1,650 2,521 5,978 6,707 8,909 9,746 106 502 163 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">107 </li><li style="flex:1">111 </li></ul>809 276 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">133 </li><li style="flex:1">221 </li><li style="flex:1">767 </li><li style="flex:1">973 1,766 2,308 </li></ul>635 203 947 1,402 3,634 4,054 5,268 5,561 408 74 547 167 729 511 732 577 628 809 517 912 Europe Latin America and the <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">16 </li><li style="flex:1">24 </li><li style="flex:1">38 </li></ul>Caribbean * Northern America * 22 72 26 2 82 6 172 13 307 30 337 34 392 46 398 51 Oceania World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1999 2008 2050 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Region World Africa Asia 2150 100 19.8 59.1 7.0 100 23.7 57.1 5.3 13.4 63.5 20.6 10.9 64.9 20.8 8.8 64.1 21.9 8.1 57.4 24.7 8.8 55.6 21.7 12.8 60.8 12.2 14.5 60.4 10.9 Europe Latin America and the <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">2.0 </li><li style="flex:1">2.5 </li><li style="flex:1">3.0 </li><li style="flex:1">4.5 </li><li style="flex:1">6.6 </li><li style="flex:1">8.5 </li><li style="flex:1">8.6 </li><li style="flex:1">9.1 </li><li style="flex:1">9.4 </li></ul>Caribbean * Northern America * 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2 2.1 0.2 5.0 0.4 6.8 0.5 5.1 0.5 5.0 0.5 4.4 0.5 4.1 0.5 Oceania Estimated world population at various dates (in millions) World <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" target="_blank">Africa </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" target="_blank">Asia </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" target="_blank">Europe </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" target="_blank">Latin </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America" target="_blank">Northern </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" target="_blank">Oceania </a>Notes Year <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" target="_blank">America </a>* <a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America" target="_blank">America</a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America" target="_blank">* </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-36" target="_blank">[37] </a><a href="/goto?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-HistoricalEstimates-37" target="_blank">[38] </a>

World Population

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