CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY EVERGLADES SQUARE PARCEL COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA Performed for: Everglades Square, LLC. 285 Mermaids Bight Naples, FL 34103 Prepared by: Florida’s First Choice in Cultural Resource Management Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 (941) 379-6206 November 2019 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY EVERGLADES SQUARE PARCEL COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA Performed for: Everglades Square, LLC. 285 Mermaids Bight Naples, FL 34103 Conducted by: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Marion Almy - Project Manager Maranda Kles - Project Archaeologist Garth Kaulens - Archaeologist November 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) conducted a Cultural Resource Assessment Survey (CRAS) of the Everglades Square Parcel for Everglades Square, LLC. The project Area of Potential Effect (APE) is approximately four acres in size and is located on the northeast corner of Glades Gate Boulevard East and Everglades Boulevard North in Collier County. The purpose of this investigation was to locate and identify any cultural resources within the project APE and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). As defined in 36 CFR Part § 800.16(d), the APE is the “geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist.” Based on the scale and nature of the activities, the project has a limited potential for any indirect (visual or audible) or cumulative effects outside the immediate footprint of construction. Therefore, the APE was limited to the footprint of proposed activities within the existing boundaries of the project. The archaeological and historical field surveys, completed in October 2019, were conducted at the request of the Florida Division of Historical Resources (FDHR) (Parsons 2019; DHR Project File No.: 2019-4624) (Appendix A). All work was carried out in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulations in 36 CFR Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties, and in conformity with the standards contained in the Florida Division of Historical Resource’s (FDHR) Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual (FDHR 2003). The resulting survey and report meets specifications in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code (FAC), and complies with Chapters 267 and 373, Florida Statutes (FS), as well as Florida’s Coastal Management Program. The Principal Investigators meet the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification Standards (48 FR 44716) for archaeology, history, architecture, architectural history, or historic architecture. Archaeological background research, including a review of the Florida Master Site File (FMSF) and the NRHP, indicated that no previously recorded archaeological sites are located within the project APE. There is one site within one mile of the APE. A review of relevant site locational information for environmentally similar areas within Collier County indicated a moderate to low potential for prehistoric and/or historic archaeological sites. The background research also indicated that sites, if found would be small campsites or artifact scatters. As a result of visual reconnaissance and the excavation of 15 shovel test pits, no archaeological sites were found. A review of the FMSF and the NRHP indicated that no historic resources (50 years of age or older) were previously recorded within the project APE. A review of the historic United States Geographical Survey (USGS) quadrangle maps (USGS 1958a, 1958b), historic aerial photographs (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] 1962, 1980), the historic Copeland map (Copeland 1947), as well as the 1980 Nash maps of permanent Seminole camps, and the Collier County Property Appraiser website (Skinner 2019) indicated no potential for the presence of historic resources or structures within the APE. As a result of field survey, no historic resources were identified or recorded in the APE. Given the results of background research and field survey, the development of the APE will have no effect on any archaeological sites or historic resources that are listed, determined eligible, or which appear to be potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. No further investigations are recommended. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Project Description .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Location ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Physiography and Geology ....................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Soils and Vegetation .................................................................................................. 2-3 2.4 Paleoenvironmental Considerations .......................................................................... 2-4 3.0 CULTURE HISTORY ......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Paleo-Indian .............................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2 Archaic Period ........................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Glades ........................................................................................................................ 3-3 3.3.1 Ten Thousand Islands ................................................................................... 3-4 3.4 Colonialism ............................................................................................................... 3-5 3.5 Territorial and Statehood ........................................................................................... 3-6 3.6 Civil War and Aftermath ........................................................................................... 3-8 3.7 Twentieth Century ................................................................................................... 3-10 3.8 Project Area ............................................................................................................. 3-13 4.0 RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS ..................................................... 4-1 4.1 Background Research and Literature Review ........................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Archaeological Considerations ..................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Historical Considerations.............................................................................. 4-3 4.2 Field Methodology .................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3 Inadvertent/Unanticipated Discoveries ..................................................................... 4-3 4.4 Laboratory Methods/Curation ................................................................................... 4-4 5.0 SURVEY RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 5-1 5.1 Archaeological Results .............................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Historical Results ...................................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 5-3 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................ 6-1 APPENDIX A SHPO Letter APPENDIX B Survey Log iii LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS Figure Figure 1.1. Location of the project APE. .......................................................................................... 1-2 Figure 2.1. Environmental setting of the project APE. ..................................................................... 2-2 Figure 2.2. Soil types found within the project APE. ....................................................................... 2-4 Figure 3.1. Florida Archaeological Regions. .................................................................................... 3-1 Figure 3.2. 1947 Copeland Map. Note the dashed lines indicative of trails in the area. ................ 3-13 Figure 3.3. 1962 and 1980 aerial photographs of the APE. ............................................................ 3-14 Figure 4.1. Location of previously recorded archaeological site within one mile of the APE. ........ 4-2 Figure 5.1. Location of the shovel tests within the APE. ................................................................. 5-2 Table Table 2.1. Soil types within the project APE. ................................................................................. 2-4 Table 4.1. Surveys conducted within one mile the APE. ...............................................................