The Study on Environmental Management Plan Location of Study Area for Lubana Wetland Complex in the Republic of Latvia JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR LUBANA WETLAND COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA FINAL REPORT Volume III Supporting Report Table of Contents Location Map Page PART I CURRENT SITUATIONS OF THE STUDY AREA CHAPTER 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY......................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Objectives.............................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Study Area............................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Framework of the Study......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.4 Organization for the Study..................................................................................................................................1-2 CHAPTER 2 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Administrative Conditions ..................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Regional Administration..........................................................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Relations between Central and Regional Government...........................................................................2-2 2.1.3 Budget and Expenditure...........................................................................................................................2-4 2.2 Population and Social Conditions ......................................................................................................................2-5 2.2.1 Population................................................................................................................................................2-5 2.2.2 Labor Force ..............................................................................................................................................2-7 2.2.3 Settlements and Living Standards............................................................................................................2-8 2.3 Economic and Financial Conditions...................................................................................................................2-9 2.3.1 National and Regional Economy.............................................................................................................2-9 2.3.2 Employment and Income .......................................................................................................................2-10 2.3.3 Industry...................................................................................................................................................2-12 2.3.4 Financial Sources for Environmental Management .............................................................................2-15 2.4 Infrastructure......................................................................................................................................................2-19 2.4.1 Water Supply and Sanitation..................................................................................................................2-19 2.4.2 Transportation........................................................................................................................................2-20 2.4.3 Energy.....................................................................................................................................................2-20 2.4.4 Environmental Education......................................................................................................................2-20 2.4.5 Activities of Donors, NGOs, and NPOs ...............................................................................................2-21 2.5 Land Use.............................................................................................................................................................2-23 2.5.1 Land Use Status and Change..................................................................................................................2-23 2.5.2 Constraints on Land Use........................................................................................................................2-26 2.5.3 Land Tenure and Privatization...............................................................................................................2-26 2.5.4 Present Land Use Plan ...........................................................................................................................2-28 i CHAPTER 3 POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT.................................. 3-1 3.1 National and Regional Policy on Socioeconomic Development ......................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Review of Development Policy...............................................................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Current Socioeconomic Status of the Study Area..................................................................................3-3 3.1.3 Current Regional Development Plans.....................................................................................................3-4 3.2 Agriculture...........................................................................................................................................................3-9 3.2.1 National and Regional Development Policy...........................................................................................3-9 3.2.2 Trends and Characteristics.....................................................................................................................3-10 3.2.3 Potential and Constraints.......................................................................................................................3-12 3.2.4 Intentions of Stakeholders .....................................................................................................................3-16 3.3 Forestry..............................................................................................................................................................3-17 3.3.1 National and Regional Development Policy.........................................................................................3-17 3.3.2 Trends and Characteristics.....................................................................................................................3-18 3.3.3 Potential and Constraints.......................................................................................................................3-19 3.3.4 Intention of Stakeholders.......................................................................................................................3-21 3.4 Fishery................................................................................................................................................................3-21 3.4.1 National and Regional Development Policy.........................................................................................3-21 3.4.2 Trends and Characteristics.....................................................................................................................3-24 3.4.3 Potential and Constraints.......................................................................................................................3-27 3.4.4 Intention of Stakeholders.......................................................................................................................3-31 3.5 Tourism and Others ...........................................................................................................................................3-31 3.5.1 National and Regional Development Policy on Tourism ....................................................................3-31 3.5.2 Trends and Characteristics on Tourism.................................................................................................3-32 3.5.3 Potential and Constraints on Tourism ..................................................................................................3-33 3.5.4 Intention of Stakeholders on Tourism...................................................................................................3-36 3.5.5 Other Industry.........................................................................................................................................3-37 CHAPTER 4 WATER QUALITY ................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Water Quality Conditions ...................................................................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Current Water Quality.............................................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Conditions of Wastewater Treatment Facilities and Plans ....................................................................4-2 4.2 Direction for Water Quality Conservation.........................................................................................................4-3