Index A 125, 127, 133–34, 138, 140, 158–59, 162–66, 168, 171, 193, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 214, 218, 265, 283, 429. Commission (ATSIC) 107, 403, case studies 158 405 Dharug 182, 186–87 Training Policy Statement 2004–06 Miriwoong 149 170 Ngarrindjeri 396 Aboriginal Education Consultative Group Wergaia 247 (AECG) xiii, xviii, 69, 178, 195, Wiradjuri 159, 214, 216–18, 222–23 205 adverbs 333, 409, 411 Dubbo 222 Alphabetic principle 283–84 Aboriginal Education Officers (AEOs) Anaiwan (language) 171 189, 200, 211, 257 Certificate I qualification 171 Aboriginal English xix, 6, 9, 15–16, 76, Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara 91, 147, 293, 303, 364, 373, 383. (APY) 86. See also Pitjantjatjara See also Kriol (language) Aboriginal Land Rights [Northern Territory] Arabana (language) 30 Act 228, 367 language program 30 Aboriginal Languages of Victoria Re- See source Portal (ALV-RP) 310, 315, archival records. language source 317, 320 materials portal architecture 317–319 Arrernte (language) 84–85 Victorian Word Finder 316 Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Associa- See also Aboriginal Languages Summer School tion (ACRA) 359. Miro- 108, 218 maa Language Program Aboriginal Resource Development Ser- Aboriginal training agency 359 vices (ARDS) xxix workshops 359 absolutive case 379 Audacity sound editing software 334, accusative case 379 393 adjectives audio recordings 29–30, 32, 56, 94, 96, Gamilaraay 409, 411 104, 109–11, 115–16, 121, 123– Ngemba 46 26, 128, 148, 175, 243–44, 309, Wiradjuri 333 316, 327–28, 331–32, 334–35, Yuwaalaraay 411 340, 353, 357–59, 368, 375, 388, See also Adnyamathanha (language) 57 403, 405, 408, 422. CDs; audio recordings of 57 Maintenance of Indigenous language program 30 Languages and Records program adult language-learning xvi, xviii, xix, (MILR); sound files 72, 88, 97, 108, 110, 117, 123, Audiamus (software) 114 digital audio equipment 179 434 Re-awakening languages audiovisual Centre for Australian Languages and recording 359 Linguistics 120 training 140 Batemans Bay Public School (NSW) Australian English 6, 10, 15–16, 91, Dhurga language program xviii, 159, 94, 116, 133, 136, 138, 140, 153, 162, 164–66, 173–76, 188–93, 257 164, 167, 177, 181, 184–85, 187, Bayabangun Ngurrawa (conference) 260 211, 223, 230, 233–35, 246–47, Bayungu (language) xv, 104. See 268, 281–82, 284, 288–89, 293, also Wangka Maya Pilbara Ab- 303, 362, 365–66, 368, 375, 377, original Language Centre (Wangka 410–11, 428. See also translation Maya) Alphabetic Principle, and 283–84 audio recordings of 125 dominance 6, 8–9, 11, 15, 76, 92, 367 dictionary 125–26, 128 fluency in, 13, 271 documentation, of 125–26 grammar 333 language program 125 literacy. See literacy Payungu Picture Dictionary 104, 125–28 Northern Territory, in the 16 phrasebook 126 orthography 265, 295, 393 sketch grammar 125, 128 proficiency 14, 18 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine 353, 387, vowels 285, 297 394, 397–98 Australian Indigenous Languages Frame- A World That Was: The Yaraldi of the work (AILF) 302 Murray River and the Lakes, South Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Australia. 397 Torres Strait Islander Studies bicultural education 7, 13, 17, 24 (AIATSIS) xvi, 108, 175, 190, 243, Biddigal (dialect). See Dharawal (lan- 250, 328, 331, 360, 403, 414, 422 guage) Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Ar- Big hART 84, 87. See also Ngapartji Nga- chive (ASEDA) 396 partji (touring show) National Indigenous Languages Survey Bilinarra (language) xix, 159, 226–28, Report 2005 108 234. See also Pigeon Hole School Australian Labor Party 7, 11–13 (NT); Victoria River District (VRD) Australian Language and Literacy Policy NT 8, 11 endangered 226, 229 Australian National University 190 fluency in, 234 Australian Second Language Proficiency grammar 229 Ratings (ASLPR) 271–74. See language program 231 also fluency vocabulary 229 Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language) 110, bilingual. See also language mixing 113, 255, 294, 297. See also Ar- dictionaries 405 warbukarl Cultural Resource education xiv, xxiii, xxv, 3, 7, 9, 13, Association (ACRA); Miromaa 16–18, 24, 31, 120, 123, 260, 274, Language Program 346, 367 Certificate I qualification 171 signs 28, 76–77, 83, 148, 150, 233, 372 B speech communities 226, 362 Bamay Possum’s Party (book) 115 touring theatre 84, 86 Barriyala: Let’s Work (book) 115 Biripi-Gathang (language) 112 Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Certificate I qualification 171 Education (BIITE) xvi, xix, xxi, Birrbay (language) 110, 114 352, 365, 390, 395–96 Bonalbo Central School (NSW) Index 435 language program (Bundjalung) 113 75, 80, 91, 93, 108, 110, 113, 115, Boon Wurrung (dialect). See Kulin (lan- 131, 190, 278, 374 guage family) community-driven language revitalisation Brennan, Gloria 132 14, 55, 123, 128, 134, 197, 313 Broulee Public School (NSW) 163–68, community linguist (Indigenous) xv, xix, 174, 190 xxi, 108, 139, 237, 372, 376 Buandig (language) 314 computers 107, 125, 148, 310, 323–24, Bundjalung-Yugambeh (language) 326–27, 329, 334–37, 339, 110–11, 113, 182–83, 294 344–45, 356–59, 406. See also audio recordings 110 electronic dictionaries; information Certificate I qualification 171 technology (IT); software endangered 254 access to 22, 345, 424 language program 113 computer-based resources 117, 311, pronunciation 111 325, 339–40, 346 vocabulary 111 disadvantages of 310, 346 Burarra (language) 362–63, 366 literacy, as aid to 30 North Coast Computer Project 110 C presentation on 342 Canadian Assembly of First Nations support from 332 language policy 3 conjunctions 333 Cape York Peninsula Language Documen- consonants 266, 285, 298, 362, 398 tation project (CYPLD) 418, 420– consonant phonemes 285 22, 424–25, 428. See also Lockhart lamino-dental 266, 362 River case study Ngarrindjeri 398 Carnarvon Senior High School (WA) palatal 362 language program (Bayungu) 125 pronunciation of 266, 285 case sounds of 285 See also absolutive 379 courses (teaching). qualifications accusative 379 (Aboriginal Language Teaching) ergative 97, 185, 212, 248, 379, 382 accreditation of, 158, 173, 177 marking 236, 294 Certificate in Aboriginal Language morphology 377 Work (WA) 125–26 nominative 379 Certificate (TAFE NSW) 115, 158, 165, suffixes 248, 294, 299 171, 173–80, 218 system (noun) 299, 333 content of, 172 CD-ROMs delivery of, 172, 178 Winangali 309 entry requirements 173 CDs 4, 85, 114–15, 125–26, 177–78, creoles 6, 16, 295, 301, 426, 428. See 328, 393–94, 405, 427 also Kriol Centre for Australian Languages and Lockhart River Creole 426 Linguistics 120 cross-linguistic comparison 376–77, 379 certification.See also qualifications (Ab- curricula 6, 13, 41, 48, 68, 120, 158, original Language Teaching) 174, 189, 192, 194–95, 198, 200, Aboriginal community, controlled by 205–06, 367. See also Northern 277–78 Territory Curriculum Framework Chifley College-Dunheved Campus (NSW) (2002); NSW Aboriginal Languages 183, 186–87. See also Dharug K-10 Syllabus; Victorian Cur- (language) riculum and Assessment Authority code-switching xix, 225, 229–31, 235–36 (VCAA) community-based language revitalisation bilingual 31 436 Re-awakening languages development of 3, 47, 199, 302, 313, language program 159, 183–86, 326 392 mobile phone dictionary 335 Dhurga (language) 188, 193 nouns 185 inappropriate 136 oral record 325 Indigenous languages, for 3, 13, 158, orthography 183, 266 167, 189, 194, 198, 207, 216, 220 pronunciation 181, 185–86, 304 national standards (Aust) 275 songs 181, 183, 185–87, 335 Ngarrindjeri (language) 389, 392 sounds of 184–85 NSW 112, 174, 190, 194, 219, 255 translation 181, 184 oral 140 vocabulary 184–85, 328 primary schools, for 202 Watson, Edna 186 secondary schools, for 202 website 187, 335 support with 120 wordlists 304, 325 Western Australian 140 Dhudhuroa (language) 314 Wiradjuri (language) 159 Dhurga (language) 158–59, 162–63, 173, 188–193, 297. See also Brou- D lee Public School (NSW); Mogo Darkinyung (language) 110, 113 Public School (NSW); toponyms; Darkinyung Language Group 110, 255 Vincentia High School (NSW) grammar-dictionary 114, 255 accredited teaching qualifications, in Darug (people). See Dharug (language) 158 de facto language policy. See invisible audio recordings of 175 See language policy Batemans Bay Public School. Bate- Dhanggati (language) 110, 112–13, mans Bay Public School (NSW) 182–83 Cobowra Local Aboriginal Land Council Certificate I qualification 171 173–75 grammar-dictionary 114 curricula 188, 193 Thunghutti Tiddas Aboriginal Corpora- Dhurga Buradja (book) 174 tion 110, 112 Dhurga Buradja - Speaking Dhurga To- workshops in, 171 morrow (Certificate I) 173–75 Dharawal (language) 158, 178–80, 182, Elders 189 335. See also toponyms endangered 173 accredited teaching qualifications, in grammar 163–64, 167, 191 158 language program xviii, 159, 162, Biddigal (dialect) 178 164–66, 173–76, 188–193, 257 CD 178 metalanguage, use of 166 Certificate I qualification 178–79 orthography 167, 175, 191 dictionary 178 phonemes 165 language program 178–180, 335 pronunciation 165 Oppliger, Amanda (linguist) 186 songs 189, 191 Dharug (language) xvi, 181–84, 187, sounds of 163, 166–67, 297–98 328, 334–35. See also Chifley teaching resources 165–66 College-Dunheved Campus (NSW); vocabulary 163, 167, 185, 191–93 toponyms workshops 176, 190, 193 Certificate I qualification 171 Wreck Bay Community Council 189 See Elders 183 Dhuwala (language) 362, 364. also fluency in, 181, 183–84, 335 Gupapuyŋu (language) grammar 183, 187 Dhuwal (language) 362, 364, 367. See language centre 186 also Djambarrpuyŋu (language) Index 437 dictionaries 86, 94, 110, 112,