2017-2018 Undergraduate Team Engine Candidate Engines for a Next Generation Supersonic Transport ETU – V TULPAR TEAM MEMBERS Veli Can ÜSTÜNDAĞ - 921399 Çağdaş Cem ERGİN - 920976 Baran İPER - 921398 Onur TAN - 921395 Faculty Advisor Asst. Prof. Sıtkı USLU SIGNATURES Faculty Advisor Asst. Prof. Sıtkı USLU TOBB University of Economics and Technology Team Leader Cagdas Cem ERGIN TOBB University of Economics and Technology Deparment of Mechanical Engineering AIAA Member Number: 920976 Team Member Veli Can USTUNDAG TOBB University of Economics and Technology Deparment of Mechanical Engineering AIAA Member Number: 921399 Team Member Baran IPER TOBB University of Economics and Technology Deparment of Mechanical Engineering AIAA Member Number: 921398 Team Member Onur TAN TOBB University of Economics and Technology Deparment of Mechanical Engineering AIAA Member Number: 921395 ii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... vi NOMENCLATURE ............................................................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. STATE OF THE ART .................................................................................................................................... 2 3. DESIGN OF THE ENGINE ........................................................................................................................... 3 3.1. ENGINE CYCLE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ......................................................................................... 3 3.1.1. Baseline Engine Validation and Cycle Analysis ................................................................................... 3 3.1.1.1. On-Desing Analysis of Baseline Engine ........................................................................................... 3 3.1.1.2. Off-Desing Analysis of Baseline Engine .......................................................................................... 4 3.1.2. Alternatives Engine Cycle and New Concept Designs for ETU-V TULPAR ....................................... 5 3.1.2.1. Engine Spool Selection ..................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2.2. Variable Bypass Technology ............................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2.3. Afterburner Investigation .................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2.4. Nozzle Concept ................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1.3. Engine Compenents and Diagram of ETU-V TULPAR ........................................................................ 9 3.1.4. Cycle Analysis and Optimization of the New Engine TULPAR ......................................................... 10 3.1.4.1. Design Analysis of the TULPAR .................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4.2. Off-Design Analysis of the TULPAR ............................................................................................. 11 3.1.5. Comparison between TULPAR and Baseline Engine ......................................................................... 12 4. DETAILED DESIGN OF THE COMPONENTS ........................................................................................ 14 4.1. SUPERSONIC INLET (SUPIN) DESIGN .............................................................................................. 14 4.2. DETAILED TURBOMACHINERY DESIGN (AXIAL FAN - HPC) .................................................... 18 4.2.1. Compressor Design.............................................................................................................................. 18 4.2.1.1. Guidelines of Compressor Design Parameters ................................................................................ 19 4.2.2. Fan (LPC) Design ................................................................................................................................ 20 4.2.3. Axial High Pressure Compressor Design ............................................................................................ 27 4.3. COMBUSTION CHAMBER .................................................................................................................. 31 4.4. DETAILED TURBOMACHINERY DESIGN (HPT - LPT) .................................................................. 36 4.4.1. Axial High-Pressure Turbine Design ................................................................................................... 37 4.4.2. Axial Low-Pressure Turbine Design ................................................................................................... 43 4.5. STRESS CALCULATIONS FOR TURBOMACHINERY BLADES .................................................... 46 4.6. NOZZLE GUIDE VANE COOLING ...................................................................................................... 47 4.7. MIXER DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................... 51 4.8. FULLY VARIABLE AREA NOZZLE ................................................................................................... 53 4.8.1. Nozzle Type Selection ......................................................................................................................... 53 4.8.2. Nozzle Geometry Calculations ............................................................................................................ 54 4.8.3. Analysis and Configurations................................................................................................................ 55 4.9. THRUST REVERSERS .......................................................................................................................... 56 iii 4.10. SHAFT DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 59 5. EMISSIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 62 5.1. Rich Quick Quench Lean (RQL) Technology ......................................................................................... 62 5.2. Emission Standards .................................................................................................................................. 63 6. ENGINE SUBSYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................ 64 6.1. Lubrication Systems ................................................................................................................................. 64 6.2. Engine Starter........................................................................................................................................... 66 6.3. Anti-Icing System .................................................................................................................................... 67 6.4. Fire Detection and Extinguishing System ................................................................................................ 67 6.5. Cooling and Ventilation Systems ............................................................................................................. 68 7. MATERIAL SELECTION ........................................................................................................................... 68 7.1. Inlet Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 69 7.2. Fan (LPC) Materials ................................................................................................................................ 70 7.3. HP Compressor Materials ........................................................................................................................ 70 7.4. Combustion Chamber Materials .............................................................................................................. 71 7.5. Turbine Materials ..................................................................................................................................... 71 7.6. Mixer-Nozzle Materials ........................................................................................................................... 73 7.7. Shaft Materials ......................................................................................................................................... 73 8. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 74 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................... 75 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: General Aircraft Technical Specifications