IPv6 in Enterprise Unified Communications Networks BRKCOL-2020 Tony Mulchrone - Technical Marketing Engineer Cisco Collaboration Technology Group Agenda IPv6 Addressing summary IPv6 and UC Networks summary IPv6 Addressing and Cisco devices DHCP and DNS for IPv6 IPv6 Campus and WAN Deployment Options IPv6 UC Configuration CUCM IPv6 Device Configuration Parameters and Media Handling Other IPv6 Design Considerations IPv6 UC Deployment Guidelines Summary Why Deploy IPv6 ? • IPv6 deployment is primarily driven by IPv4 address space exhaustio • The number of applications, devices, services requiring IP addresses is rapidly increasing as the world becomes more and more IP centric • Addresses in IPv6 are 128 bits long versus 32 bits IPv4 address. The larger address space avoids the potential exhaustion of IP addresses without need for Network Address Translation. • By avoiding the need for complex sub-netting scheme, IPv6 addressing space easier to understand, making administration of medium and larger networks simpler. • IPv6 hosts can be configured automatically using Stateless Address Auto- Configuration (SLACC) when connected to a routed IPv6 network using ICMPv6 router discovery messages. BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 IPv6 Addressing Space IPv4 = 32 bits IPv6 = 128 bits • IPv4 uses 32 bits • = ~ 4,200,000,000 possible addressable nodes • CIDR and NAT techniques used to make the best possible use of address space • IPv6 uses 128 bits • = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 nodes • = 52 Trillion Trillion addresses per person in the world • = More than enough • Allows for scalable, simple and easily understandable addressing schemes BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5 IPv6 Address Format • An IPv6 address is composed of 8 sets of 16 bit hexadecimal values, 128 bits in length • 2001:0db8:1234:5678:9abc:def0:1234:5678 • 16 bit hex values are separated by colons (:) • Abbreviation is possible Leading zeros can be omitted Consecutive zeros in contiguous blocks can be represented by (::) • 2001:0db8:0000:130F:0000:0000:087C:140B • becomes • 2001:0db8:0:130F::87C:140B Double colons can only appear once in the address • Network prefix representation like IPv4 CIDR --- • e.g. 2001:db8:12::/64 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 IPv6 Address Network and Host IDs Network ID Host ID XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:YYYY:YYYY:YYYY:YYYY 64 Bits 64 Bits IPv6 Unicast addresses use 64 bits for the Network ID and 64 00 90 27 17 FC 0F bits for the Host ID The Host ID can be auto-configured by : 00 90 27 17 FC 0F 1) Using a randomly generated number, or FF FE 2) By using the (Extended Unique Identifier) EUI-64 format. 00 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F This format expands the 48 bit MAC address to 64 bits by 1 = Unique ID inserting FFFE into the middle 16 bits. Cisco commonly uses 000000U0 Where U= this Host ID format. 0 = Not Unique U = 1 3) The host ID can also be assigned using DHCPv6 or manually configured 02 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 IPv6 - Addressing Model • Addresses are assigned to interfaces • An Interface is expected to have multiple addresses • Addresses have “scope” Link Local Unique Local Global Global Unique Local Link Local BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 Primary Types of IPv6 Address • Unicast Address Identifies a single node/interface. Traffic destined to a Unicast address is forwarded to a single interface • Multicast Address Identifies a group of nodes/interfaces. Traffic destined to a Multicast address is forwarded to all the nodes in the group • No more Broadcast addresses Too resource intensive, IPv6 uses Multicast addresses instead BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 Link-Local Unicast Addresses 128 Bits Remaining 54 Bits Interface ID 1111 1110 10 FE80::/10 10 Bits Link-Local Addresses are : • Mandatory addresses - used exclusively for communication between two IPv6 devices on the same link. • Automatically assigned by the device as soon as IPv6 is enabled • Only Link Specific scope – not routed • Remaining 54 bits of network ID are typically zero but could be set to any manually configured value • Interface ID has the same meaning for all unicast addresses, 64 bits long using the EUI-64 format • Example - FE80:0000:0000:0000:0987:65FF:FE01:2345 • Generally represented as FE80::987:65FF:FE01:2345 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10 Unique-Local Unicast Addresses 128 Bits 1 Global ID 40 Bits Interface ID 1111 110 Subnet ID FD00::/7 16 Bits 7 Bits 1 Bit : L = 1 Locally assigned; L = 0 Future Use Unique-Local Addresses are : • Analogous to Private IPv4 addresses (e.g. 10.1.1.254) • Not Routable on the Internet – (would require IPv6 NAT) • Global IDs do not have to be aggregated • Subnet IDs are defined by the administrator of the local domain • Subnet IDs typically use a hierarchical addressing plan to allow for route summarization • Interface ID has the same meaning for all unicast addresses, 64 bits long using the EUI-64 format • Example - FD00:aaaa:bbbb:CCCC:0987:65FF:FE01:2345 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 Global Unicast Addresses Network ID RIR ISP LAN Host 3 21 Bits 24 Bits 16 Bits 64 Bits Global Prefix TLA NLA SLA Interface ID 001 /24 /48 /64 Global Unicast Addresses are : • Routable / reachable across the Internet • Identified by their 3 high level bits set to 001 ( 2000::/3 ) • Global Routing Prefix assigned to Regional Internet Registries by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) – Next Level Aggregator (NLA) assigned to ISP • Site Level Aggregator (Subnet ID) assigned to a customer by their Service Provider • Example - 2001:0DB8:BBBB:CCCC:0987:65FF:FE01:2345 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IPv6 Multicast Addresses 128 Bits 8-bits 4-bits 4-bits 112-bits 1111 1111 Lifetime Scope Group-ID Lifetime Scope 0 If Permanent 1 Node 1 If Temporary 2 Link 5 Site 8 Organization E Global IP multicast addresses have a prefix FF00::/8 (1111 1111) The second octet defines the lifetime and scope of the multicast address Used for Router Advertisements, DHCP, Multicast Applications Multicast addresses are always destination addresses BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13 Some Well-Known Multicast Addresses Address Scope Meaning FF01::1 Node-Local Same Node FF02::1 Link-Local All Nodes on a Link FF01::2 Node-Local Same Router FF02::2 Link-Local All Routers on a Link FF05::2 Site-Local All Routers on Intranet FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX Link-Local Solicited-Node More details at http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses Solicited Node Addresses - Used for Neighbor Discovery and Duplicate Address Detection © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Agenda IPv6 Addressing summary IPv6 and UC Networks summary IPv6 Addressing and Cisco devices DHCP and DNS for IPv6 IPv6 Campus and WAN Deployment Options IPv6 UC Configuration CUCM IPv6 Device Configuration Parameters and Media Handling Other IPv6 Design Considerations IPv6 UC Deployment Guidelines Summary IPv4 and IPv6 – Icons and Terminology v4 IPv4 Only Device communicates with and understands IPv4 addresses only v6 IPv6 Only Device communicates with and understands IPv6 addresses only v4 v6 Dual Stack (IPv4 and IPv6) with ANAT This device communicates with and understands both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and can also negotiate the use of either IPv4 or IPv6 for media v4 v6 IPv6 Aware Device communicates with IPv4 addresses, but can receive and understand IPv6 addresses embedded in Application PDUs – Typically used by applications which use IPv4 to transport IPv6 information BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 IPv4 and IPv6 Product Support UC11.X - Summary (1 of 2) • v4 v6 v4 v6 Call Control CUCM 7.1(2)+ IM & P Services 10.5(1) – External Connections only e.g. federation CUBE 12.4(22)T+ CUCME 8.0+ v4 v6 v4 v6 • Cisco IP Phones 7906G, 7911G, 7931G, 7941G, 7941GE, 7942G, 7945G, 7961G, 7961GE, 7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G-GE, 7975G 6901, 6911, 6921, 6922, 6941, 6942, 6945, 6946, 6961, 6962 3905, 7821, 7841, 7845, 7861, 8961, 9951, 9971 SIP based Cisco Telepresence Endpoints: C20, C40, C60, C90, MX Series, DX Series, EX Series, SX20, SX60 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 IPv4 and IPv6 Product Support UC11.X - Summary (2 of 2) • Gateways v4 v6 v4 v6 IOS SIP Gateways – ISR G2 , ASR SCCP/SIP Analogue Gateways – VG Gateway platforms SCCP FXS ports on ISR G2 routers IOS software and harwdare MTPs for IPv4 - IPv6 RTP Media conversion CUBE IPv4 to IPv6 voice interworking v4 v6 v4 v6 • CUCM SIP Trunks IPv4/IPv6 signalling, ANAT for Dual stack media negotiation v4 v6 v4 v6 • Applications Unity Connection – IPv4, IPv4/IPv6 ANAT Cisco WebEx Meeting Server – IPv4, IPv4/IPv6 ANAT for Web/Audio connections only. Cisco Prime Collaboration Suite – IPv4, IPv6 Aware Cisco Meeting Server - IPv4, IPv6 Cisco Telepresence Server - IPv4, IPv4/IPv6 ANAT; Cisco TP Conductor – IPv4 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 IPv6 Capable UC Devices – Summary SIP Trunks H323 ICT Trunks v4 v6 v4 v6 v4 IPv4/IPv6 IPv4 Only Jabber SRST Mobile v4 v4 Clients Soft CUCME (SCCP Phones only) Phones v4 SCCP ISR v4 v6 v4 v6 Analogue Ports SIP TelePresence CUBE / SIP VG Analogue Endpoints v4 v6 v4 v6 v4 v6 Gateways Gateways Cisco Expressway C/E Newer SIP Older SCCP based Phones v4 v6 based Phones v4 v4 Older SIP based MGCP/ H323 Newer SCCP v4 v6 Gateways based Phones Phones v4 v4 BRKCOL-2020 © 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates.