IRISH FAMILIES UNDER STRESS FIFTY YEARS OF IRISH CHILD PSYCHIATRY VOLUME SEVEN EDITOR: MICHAEL FITZGERALD SOUTH WESTERN AREA HEALTH BOARD 120 PREVIOUS BOOKS IN THE SERIES Pathways to Child Hospitalization H. McGee and M. Fitzgerald (1991) ISBN 0948 562 072 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 1. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (1991) ISBN 0948 562 048 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 2. Edited by A. Jeffers and M. Fitzgerald (1991) ISBN 0948 562 056 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 3. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (1991) ISBN 0948 562 064 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 4. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (1995) ISBN 0948 562 099 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 5. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (1996) ISBN 0948 562 897 Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 6. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (1996) ISBN 0948 562 34X Irish Families Under Stress – Volume 7. Edited by M. Fitzgerald (2003) ISBN 0948 562 706 121 IRISH FAMILIES UNDER STRESS FIFTY YEARS OF IRISH CHILD PSYCHIATRY VOLUME SEVEN EDITOR: MICHAEL FITZGERALD SOUTH WESTERN AREA HEALTH BOARD 2003 122 ISBN 0948 562 706 Preface Irish Families Under Stress, Volume VII It is a great honour to write the Preface of this the final volume of Irish Families Under Stress. Prof. Fitzgerald and his colleagues have again created a remarkable resource for all those who work with Children and Families in a time of need. This volume plots the history and development of Child Psychiatry services in the Eastern Region and chronicles our increasing understanding of mental health issues within Families. It brings into clear focus the contemporary concerns and the expert responses of service providers today. I am pleased to note that many of the contributors to this volume have had a significant role in advancing our understanding of conditions including Asperger’s syndrome, Autism, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our knowledge of these conditions has grown enormously since the Irish Families Under Stress series began 20 years ago. Irish society has changed radically in the past decade and while much has improved in terms of economic success, increasing demands, urgency and new stresses have been visited upon many Irish Families. Irish Families Under Stress affords a comprehensive view of the pertinent issues and succeeds in providing an insight into the most important challenges facing Irish Families and Healthcare Professionals today. This volume maintains the important balance between in-depth knowledge and accessibility, it is written in an open an inviting style without losing any of its academic credibility. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate all the contributors for their work and to thank Prof. Fitzgerald for bringing this extraordinary collection together in one final volume. Hugh Kane, Assistant Chief Executive Officer South Western Area Health Board January 2003. 123 Acknowledgements A very large number of people supported me in Child Psychiatric Research over many years. The work could not have been done without them and their support. I would particularly like to thank Eric Fombonne, Ross Skelton, Mary Smith, Nessa Childers, Frances Fitzgerald, Owen Fitzgerald, Robert Fitzgerald, Mark Fitzgerald, Lord John Alderdice, Sir Michael Rutter FRS, Des McKiernan, Anne Jeffers, Melanie Gallagher, Brian Lawlor, Ian Robertson, Tom Moran, Brendan Doody, Malcolm MacLachlan, Michael Walsh, James Hayes, Maria Lawlor, Alan Carr, Michael Mulcahy, Gerhard Beck, Sherry Doyle, Viktoria Lyons, Vivienne Foley, John Connolly, Paula Dillon, Nuala Matthews, Colm O’Morain, John O’Leary, Orla Sheils, Ziarih Hissan Hawi, Eilish McAuliffe, Frances Brennan, John Hillery, Augusta McCabe, Eric Taylor, Lionel Hersov, Michael Buckley, Ewen McEwen, Pauline Mahon, Gertie Doonan, Ian Daly, Ann Cleary, Ruth Barrington, Gerard Harper, Fiona McNicholas, Hugh Kane, Ann Pritchard, Lisa Brennan, Jean Quigley, Thelma Pope, Virginia McLoughlin, Librarians from T.C.D., Colette Halpin, Rita Jordan, Paul Shattock, Philip Graham, Aiden Corvin, Muhammad Arshad, Aoife Brinkley, and Margaret Curley. I would like to thank all the parents and families for their critical support in this research over many years. Permission was received from the following Journals to publish papers: (1) Ken Brown, Editor, Irish Journal of Psychology permission to publish Alan Carr’s paper on A National Survey of Clinical Psychologists in Ireland. (2) Editor, The Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine for permission to publish Services for Autism in Ireland. (3) Editor, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment for permission to publish the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome. (4) Editor, The Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine for permission to publish The Psychopharmacological Treatment of Adolescent and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (5) Editor, Child Psychology Psychiatry Review for permission to publish Evaluation of a Child and Family Centre. (6) Eoin McVey, Irish Times for permission to publish article on John McKenna. 124 I would like to make special mention of Michael Gill, Hannah McGee, Myra Regan, Tony Kinsella, Brian O’Shea, Hilary Hoey, David Berman, Pat Matthews, Aiveen Kirley, Louise Gallagher, Paul McCarthy, and Benny Hollywood. I would like to thank Ms. Ellen Cranley for her secretarial support in bringing this volume and all the other volumes to fruition. It would have been impossible to produce this volume without her. Contents Irish Families Under Stress Volume VII Page No. Acknowledgements i Preface Mr. Hugh Kane. ii Chapter 1 Augusta McCabe: A Brief History of the Early Development of Social Work in Child Psychiatry in Ireland. 1 Chapter 2 Maria Lawlor, Deirdre MacIntyre: The Stay Safe Programme: Mental Health Initiative for Irish Children. 18 Chapter 3 Vivienne Foley: The History of Speech and Language Therapy in Ireland. 30 Chapter 4 Michael Nolan: Professor John McKenna, Founder of Irish Clinic Psychology. 33 Chapter 5 John Stack: The History of Child Psychiatry in Ireland. 35 Chapter 6 Orla Higgins: Child Care Workers in Child Psychiatry. 37 Chapter 7 Alan Carr: A National Survey of Clinical Psychologists 125 In Ireland. 39 Chapter 8 Bernadette Mackey, Michael Fitzgerald, Hilary Hoey: A Psychosocial Study of a Population of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus. 57 Chapter 9 Aoife Brinkley, Paul McArdle, Michael Fitzgerald: Applying Risk and Protective Factor Approach to Substance Use Among an Irish Adolescent Population. 63 - 2 - Page No. Chapter 10 Michael Fitzgerald, Aiden Corvin: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome. 82 Chapter 11 Barbara Coughlan, Alan Carr, Michael Fitzgerald: Factors Related to the Adjustment of Siblings following Sudden Infant Death. 97 Chapter 12 Karin Grieve: Musing and Meanderings. 111 Chapter 13 Michael Fitzgerald: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in Ireland. 115 Chapter 14 Sheena Leeson, Alan Carr, Michael Fitzgerald, and Sami Moukaddem: Recovery and Relapse in Multiproblem Families following Community-based Multidisciplinary Treatment. 120 Chapter 15 Catherine McDonough, S. Fahy, and Michael Fitzgerald: Self Reported Depressive Symptoms, Problems and Personality Characteristics in Adolescence. 135 Chapter 16 Karen Doherty, Michael Fitzgerald, Pat Matthews: Services for Autism in Ireland. 148 Chapter 17 Aoife Brinkley, Michael Fitzgerald, Sheila Greene, Paul McArdle: Substance Use in Early Adolescents: A Study of the Rates and Patterns of Substance Use 126 Amongst Pupils in Dublin. 165 Chapter 18 Michael Fitzgerald: The Psychopharmacological Treatment of Adolescent and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 225 Chapter 19 Ann Scully, Michael Fitzgerald, Anthony Kinsella, Aiveen Higgins: The Relationship Between Excess Fears in Irish Children and Maternal Anxiety. 239 - 3 - Page No. Chapter 20 Gerry French, Michael Fitzgerald, Clare Collins: The Suitability of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy For Women Living in a Socially Disadvantaged Area. 246 Chapter 21 Clare Gormley: Connections – Family Therapy in the West. 254 Chapter 22 Michael Fitzgerald: Genius, Creativity and Savantism. 258 Chapter 23 Michael Fitzgerald: Child Psychiatry 2003. 262 Irish Child Psychiatric Research: Summary. 266 Publications and Published Abstracts by Irish Child Psychiatrists in the SWAHB / TCD. 275 Publications and Published Abstracts by other Irish Child Psychiatrists excluding the SWAHB / TCD. 300 Roster of Irish Child Psychiatrists. 307 127 CHAPTER ONE A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK IN CHILD PSYCHIATRY IN IRELAND Augusta McCabe M. Soc. Sc., CQSW. The following history has been compiled with the help of a number of people who are, or who have been, linked to the development of the Child Psychiatric Service in Ireland. I am most grateful for the interest they showed when I approached them for information and the time they gave to setting down their recollections of the early days of child guidance, as it was then called. The focus of this chapter is on the early days of the Child Psychiatric Service in Ireland and does not take into account the significant developments which took place from the early 1990s by which time all the health boards had established specialist Departments of Child and Family Psychiatry. For that reason, the chapter makes only a brief reference to the developments which took place after 1990. Introduction Social work as a profession emerged primarily from voluntary philanthropic practices, carried out mainly by women, in the late 19th century. In understanding the history of social work,